CTAB-modified carboxymethyl cellulose/bagasse cryogels for the efficient removal of bisphenol A, methylene blue and Cr(VI) ions: Batch and column adsorption studies

The simultaneous removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from water requires multifunctional adsorbents. Cryogels of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and sugarcane bagasse (BG) were modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB), Cr(VI) ions and bisphenol A (BPA) separately, in binary or ternary aqueous mixtures. Batch adsorption studies of MB and Cr(VI) and BPA on the CMCBG-CTAB adsorbents indicated removal capacities of 100%, 70% and 95%, respectively. MB adsorbed as multilayers on the CMCBG walls by electrostatic interaction, whereas Cr(VI) and BPA adsorbed on the cationic CTAB micelles surface and hydrophobic core of CTAB micelles, respectively. The breakthrough curves obtained for pure adsorbates and their mixtures showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions increased (i) similar to 3.5 times in binary mixture with BPA or in the ternary mixture, in comparison to pure Cr(VI) solution, and (ii) 1.4 times in binary mixture with MB molecules, due to synergistic effects. In the presence of Cr(VI) ions in binary or ternary mixtures, the adsorption of MB was dramatically reduced due to screening effects. The adsorption of BPA was not significantly affected by the presence of MB or Cr(VI). The adsorbents were recycled five times without significant efficiency loss.

Automated summary

The study investigated the adsorption of MB, Cr(VI), and BPA using modified cryogels CMCBG-CTAB, showing removal capacities of 100%, 70%, and 95% respectively. The presence of synergistic effects in binary or ternary mixtures resulted in increased adsorption of Cr(VI) ions, while the adsorption of MB was significantly reduced in the presence of Cr(VI) ions. The adsorption of BPA was not significantly affected by the presence of MB or Cr(VI). The adsorbents showed good recyclability with no significant efficiency loss after five cycles.