4.7 Review

Phytomelatonin: an unexpected molecule with amazing performances in plants

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Melatonin alleviates aluminum-induced growth inhibition by modulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and reestablishing redox homeostasis in Zea mays L.

Jianhong Ren et al.

Summary: In this study, it was found that melatonin treatment reduced aluminum concentration in maize roots and leaves under aluminum stress, alleviating the growth inhibition induced by aluminum. Analysis of RNA-Seq, enzyme activity, and metabolite content data showed that melatonin treatment promoted carbon and nitrogen metabolism in maize seedlings, leading to a more stable metabolic level. Additionally, melatonin treatment improved photosynthetic rate, sucrose content, nitrate reductase activity, and protein content in maize seedlings under aluminum stress.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2022)

Review Plant Sciences

Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Cd Tolerance and Phytoremediation Efficiency by Ameliorating Cd-Induced Stress in Oilseed Crops: A Review

Saiqa Menhas et al.

Summary: Heavy metal pollution, particularly cadmium contamination in agriculture soil, is a global challenge that limits agricultural productivity and disrupts eco-environment sustainability. Melatonin, as a pleiotropic molecule, has emerged as a promising biostimulant to improve plant tolerance to cadmium stress and enhance phytoremediation in oilseed crops. Understanding the multifunctional role of melatonin in reducing phytotoxicity and enhancing eco-friendly crop production will provide a basis for developing low-Cd-content oilseed crops through genetic engineering.

JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION (2022)

Article Agronomy

Melatonin as a new postharvest treatment for increasing cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) vase life

Nour El Houda Lezoul et al.

Summary: The study found that melatonin (MT) can extend the vase life of cut carnations, with 0.1 mM concentration of MT showing the most significant effect. While all concentrations of MT maintained initial levels for a longer period, lower concentrations had a more significant impact on vase life.

POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Plant Sciences

Exogenous Melatonin Improves the Growth of Rice Seedlings by Regulating Redox Balance and Ion Homeostasis Under Salt Stress

Long Wei et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated that foliar spraying melatonin could significantly promote the growth of salt-stressed rice by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and reducing cell injury in plant leaves. It also improved ion homeostasis, particularly in leaves, thereby enhancing salt resistance of rice under high salinity.

JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION (2022)

Article Plant Sciences

Arsenic Toxicity is Counteracted by Exogenous Application of Melatonin to Different Extents in Arsenic-susceptible and Arsenic-tolerant Rice Cultivars

Santanu Samanta et al.

Summary: The study showed that exogenous melatonin has a potential role in mitigating arsenic-induced injuries in rice by strengthening osmolytes and antioxidative machinery, leading to the restoration of growth and metabolism.

JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION (2022)

Article Immunology

Phytomelatonin: a potential phytotherapeutic intervention on COVID-19-exposed individuals

Emmanuel Sunday Okeke et al.

Summary: Phytomelatonin is a versatile molecule with antioxidant properties that can also regulate physiological processes and have therapeutic potentials in the treatment of respiratory infections, including COVID-19. It has diverse actions and a high safety profile.

MICROBES AND INFECTION (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Melatonin: A master regulator of plant development and stress responses

Chengliang Sun et al.

Summary: Melatonin has multiple functions in plants, including regulating growth, organ development, anti-aging, fruit ripening, and stress responses. Research has shown that melatonin plays a crucial role in modulating various processes in plants.

JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin metabolism, signaling and possible roles in plants

Kyoungwhan Back

Summary: The biosynthesis, levels, signaling, and possible roles of melatonin and its metabolites in plants were summarized. Different plants have differential levels of melatonin and its metabolites, leading to varying physiological effects. Melatonin mediates important functions in growth stimulation and stress tolerance through its antioxidant activity and function in activating the MAPK cascade.

PLANT JOURNAL (2021)

Review Plant Sciences

Melatonin as a regulatory hub of plant hormone levels and action in stress situations

M. B. Arnao et al.

Summary: Melatonin, originally discovered in animal tissues, plays a crucial role in regulating plant responses to stress by increasing plant stress tolerance; it modulates the synthesis, catabolism, endogenous levels, and signaling elements of plant hormones to influence various hormonal responses in plants.

PLANT BIOLOGY (2021)

Review Food Science & Technology

Effect of melatonin treatments on biochemical quality and postharvest life of nectarines

Erdinc Bal

Summary: The study found that melatonin treatment effectively slows down fruit senescence, reducing fruit softening, chilling injury, and respiration rate. The concentration of 1000 mu mol l(-1)melatonin treatment was the most effective during the 40-day storage period.

JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION (2021)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Integration of physiological and metabolomic profiles to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the stimulatory effect of melatonin on astaxanthin and lipids coproduction in Haematococcus pluvialis under inductive stress conditions

Yongteng Zhao et al.

Summary: The study revealed that melatonin treatment upregulated the biosynthesis of astaxanthin and lipids in Haematococcus pluvialis, affecting the accumulation process through the regulation of gene expression and metabolic pathways. The treatment may promote coproduction of astaxanthin and lipids by regulating the carbon-nitrogen balance and antioxidant system.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Agricultural Engineering

A joint strategy comprising melatonin and 3-methyladenine to concurrently stimulate biomass and astaxanthin hyperaccumulation by Haematococcus pluvialis

Yongteng Zhao et al.

Summary: The combination treatment of melatonin (MT) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) can enhance astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis while suppressing autophagy, leading to increased biomass and lipid production.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Review Plant Sciences

Melatonin: A Potential Agent in Delaying Leaf Senescence

Yu-Qing Zhao et al.

Summary: Delaying leaf senescence by melatonin involves alternative biosynthesis pathways, regulation by light, and maintaining leaf structure through thickening the cuticle and increasing wax accumulation. Melatonin also acts as a scavenger of free radicals, enhances antioxidants, reduces lipid peroxidation, and promotes high photosynthetic efficiency by regulating chlorophyll levels and chlorophyll synthesis. Additionally, melatonin contributes to cellular homeostasis through autophagy regulation and transcriptional reprogramming, while impacting leaf senescence indirectly by modulating hormone actions. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of melatonin-mediated signaling in leaf senescence.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Melatonin Against Environmental Plant Stressors: A Review

Marino B. Arnao et al.

Summary: Harsh environmental conditions greatly affect the growth and development of plants, with melatonin playing a key role in increasing tolerance to abiotic stressors. Melatonin induces antioxidative and gene responses in plants, helping them adapt to stress and enhance overall survival.

CURRENT PROTEIN & PEPTIDE SCIENCE (2021)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Global transcriptomic network of melatonin regulated root growth in Arabidopsis

Li Yang et al.

Summary: Melatonin acts as a plant growth regulator in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibiting primary root growth but promoting lateral root development. After melatonin treatment, genes involved in JA, BR, and CK biosynthesis were inhibited, while those in ET, SL, and GA biosynthetic pathways were activated. This study identified the networks modulated by melatonin in regulating root growth.
Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin-Induced Salinity Tolerance by Ameliorating Osmotic and Oxidative Stress in the Seedlings of Two Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars

Muhammad Ali et al.

Summary: Melatonin plays a protective role in mitigating salt stress in tomato plants by enhancing plant growth indicators, relative water content, membrane stability index, and antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly in the Roma cultivar.

JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Phytomelatonin: An overview of the importance and mediating functions of melatonin against environmental stresses

Muhammad Ahsan Altaf et al.

Summary: Melatonin plays a significant role in physiological functions in higher plants, regulating hormone activity, growth, seed germination, and stress resistance. Further research is needed to fully explore its potential in plant physiology.

PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Mechanistic insights on melatonin-mediated drought stress mitigation in plants

Rahul Kumar Tiwari et al.

Summary: Melatonin has emerged as a potential signaling molecule to enhance stress tolerance in plants by regulating various physiological processes and scavenging reactive oxygen species generated during drought. Additionally, it improves water absorption capacity of roots and modulates hormonal cross-talk to mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress. Overall, melatonin is a versatile bio-molecule that promotes growth and enhances yield under drought stress, making it a suitable candidate for eco-friendly crop production to ensure food security.

PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin improves the seed filling rate and endogenous hormonal mechanism in grains of summer maize

Shakeel Ahmad et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that soaking maize seeds in melatonin significantly increased the weight and filling rate of individual seeds by regulating hormone levels. Compared to foliar application, seed soaking with melatonin proved to be more effective in promoting maize growth and yield.

PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin alleviates drought impact on growth and essential oil yield of lemon verbena by enhancing antioxidant responses, mineral balance, and abscisic acid content

Marjan Sadat Hosseini et al.

Summary: Melatonin application alleviated drought stress on lemon verbena, leading to improved growth and essential oil yield. Melatonin protected photosynthetic pigments, maintained mineral balance, and stimulated the accumulation of proline, soluble sugars, and abscisic acid to preserve leaf water status in drought-stressed plants. Melatonin also enhanced antioxidant activity and sustained essential oil concentrations and yield in lemon verbena leaves under drought conditions.

PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM (2021)

Article Agronomy

Improving the biocontrol efficacy of Meyerozyma guilliermondii Y-1 with melatonin against postharvest gray mold in apple fruit

Cuicui Sun et al.

Summary: The study investigated the biocontrol efficacy of Meyerozyma guilliermondii Y-1 combined with melatonin (MLT) against apple gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. The combination significantly reduced decay incidence and lesion diameter, improved the ability to colonize in apple fruit, and increased defense-related enzyme activities and gene expression levels. The results suggest that the combined treatment may be a reliable alternative for controlling postharvest infection in apple fruit.

POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Seed priming with melatonin improves salt tolerance in cotton through regulating photosynthesis, scavenging reactive oxygen species and coordinating with phytohormone signal pathways

Yi Zhang et al.

Summary: This study found that seed priming with melatonin has a significant beneficial effect on the tolerance of cotton seedlings to salt stress, by improving photosynthetic efficiency, enhancing the active oxygen scavenging system, and coordinating with phytohormone signal pathways.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Melatonin Modulates Plant Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress: Morphological Responses to Molecular Mechanisms

Md Najmol Hoque et al.

Summary: Heavy metal toxicity is a devastating abiotic stress for plant growth and productivity, but melatonin can improve plant tolerance to heavy metal stress by enhancing redox and nutrient homeostasis. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous melatonin in mitigating heavy metal toxicity in plants is crucial for future research.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Integrated Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Enhanced Salt Tolerance of Rice Due to the Application of Exogenous Melatonin

Ziyan Xie et al.

Summary: This study reveals the molecular basis of melatonin-mediated salt tolerance in rice by integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling. Exogenous melatonin enhances salt tolerance by activating multiple antioxidant pathways, including the AP2/EREBP-HB-WRKY transcriptional cascade and phytohormone signaling pathways. Metabolome analysis identifies specific metabolites with antioxidant functions that contribute to melatonin-mediated salt tolerance.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Melatonin treatment reduces ethylene production and maintains fruit quality in apple during postharvest storage

Jakaria Chowdhury Onik et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that treatment with melatonin significantly reduced ethylene production and weight loss, while maintaining better apple skin structure during storage. This was achieved by regulating gene expressions and increasing the activity of enzymes involved in antioxidant defense.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin-mediated photosynthetic performance of tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress

Mohammad Shah Jahan et al.

Summary: Melatonin treatment enhanced photosynthetic efficiency in tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress by increasing endogenous melatonin levels and photosynthetic pigment content, upregulating biosynthesis gene expression, and boosting CO2 assimilation and electron transport efficiency.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin improves heat tolerance in Actinidia deliciosa via carotenoid biosynthesis and heat shock proteins expression

Hui Xia et al.

Summary: The study found that the plant hormone melatonin (MT) can significantly enhance the heat tolerance of kiwifruit seedlings, with carotenoid biosynthesis pathway identified as playing a key role. In addition, MT was also found to significantly upregulate the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs).

PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM (2021)

Article Agronomy

Melatonin reduces pesticide residue, delays senescence, and improves antioxidant nutrient accumulation in postharvest jujube fruit

Benliang Deng et al.

Summary: Melatonin treatment was found to enhance pesticide degradation and antioxidant nutrient accumulation in postharvest jujube fruit, delaying fruit senescence. Additionally, melatonin treatment restored pesticide-impaired ascorbic acid contents, total phenolics accumulation, and total antioxidant capacities in the fruit.

POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Horticulture

Melatonin treatment delays senescence and improves antioxidant potential of sweet cherry fruits during cold storage

Yavar Sharafi et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that melatonin treatment can enhance the antioxidant potential of sweet cherry fruits by promoting the accumulation of endogenous melatonin and hydrogen sulfide, as well as maintaining membrane integrity during cold storage. Additionally, melatonin enhances the accumulation of phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins by regulating enzyme activities.

SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin alters the secondary metabolite profile of grape berry skin by promoting VvMYB14-mediated ethylene biosynthesis

Wanyun Ma et al.

Summary: The study observed that melatonin regulates the accumulation of most secondary metabolites in grape skin through ethylene, as shown in RNA-seq analysis and gene-metabolite association analysis. It was also found that melatonin induces VvMYB14 expression, which in turn activates VvACS1 to increase ethylene production, affecting secondary metabolite accumulation.

HORTICULTURE RESEARCH (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin Enhanced the Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana to High Light Through Improving Anti-oxidative System and Photosynthesis

Si-Jia Yang et al.

Summary: The study found that exogenous melatonin can increase plant photosynthetic rate and protect photosynthetic proteins; mainly achieved by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, protecting the integrity of membrane and photosynthetic pigments, and reducing cell death.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Physiological and UPLC-MS/MS widely targeted metabolites mechanisms of alleviation of drought stress-induced soybean growth inhibition by melatonin

Jingnan Zou et al.

Summary: The study showed that foliar application of melatonin can alleviate the negative effects of drought stress on soybean growth and yield, by enhancing antioxidant system, photosynthesis capacity, and amino acid accumulation.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CAND2/PMTR1 Is Required for Melatonin-Conferred Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Lin-Feng Wang et al.

Summary: The study found that melatonin enhances plant tolerance to osmotic stress by increasing the ability to scavenge ROS, with the melatonin receptor CAND2 playing a key role in this process. Additionally, the expression of melatonin biosynthetic genes and the accumulation of melatonin are influenced by osmotic stress, affecting the plant's response.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Melatonin inhibits seed germination by crosstalk with abscisic acid, gibberellin, and auxin in Arabidopsis

Yan Lv et al.

Summary: Seed germination is an important developmental stage in seed plants, and is regulated by complex signals. Melatonin plays a role in inhibiting seed germination by regulating ABA, GA, and auxin pathways in Arabidopsis. Higher concentrations of melatonin inhibit seed germination, while ABA and melatonin synergistically inhibit seed germination.

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2021)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Melatonin elevated Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance via modulation of ATP and glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis

Zhiyan Teng et al.

Summary: Melatonin (MT) effectively alleviates Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica rapa by promoting thiamine formation, activating amino acid metabolism, increasing ATP content, and inducing antioxidant activation. Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses revealed the mechanisms of MT-induced resistance to the plant pathogen, highlighting the importance of ATP modulation and glucosinolate biosynthesis in defending against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection in B. rapa.

JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS (2021)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Melatonin as a plant biostimulant in crops and during post-harvest: a new approach is needed

Marino B. Arnao et al.

Summary: Melatonin has beneficial effects on plant development, increasing stress tolerance and acting as a plant biostimulant. Future multidisciplinary studies are needed to establish its impact on agriculture, food technology, human nutrition, and the environment. Specific research on dosage, formulations, and persistence in different plant tissues and environments is essential for further understanding its potential applications.

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin Mitigates Nickel Toxicity by Improving Nutrient Uptake Fluxes, Root Architecture System, Photosynthesis, and Antioxidant Potential in Tomato Seedling

Muhammad Ahsan Altaf et al.

Summary: The study found that ME can enhance the tolerance of tomato seedlings to nickel stress by improving root architecture, biomass production, mineral homeostasis (reducing nickel accumulation in plants), and photosynthetic efficiency.

JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Antioxidants enhance lipid productivity in Heveochlorella sp. Yu

Na Cui et al.

Summary: The addition of melatonin enhanced crude lipid accumulation in Heveochlorella sp. Yu, accompanied by changes in nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, key genes associated with lipid biosynthesis were found to have increased expression under melatonin treatment.

ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS (2021)

Article Agronomy

Melatonin Treatment of Apricot Trees Leads to Maintenance of Fruit Quality Attributes during Storage at Chilling and Non-Chilling Temperatures

Jorge Medina-Santamarina et al.

Summary: Preharvest melatonin treatment showed positive effects on delaying postharvest ripening process, reducing weight losses and maintaining firmness in apricot fruits. Additionally, the treatment decreased chilling injury symptoms at 1 degree C storage and increased total phenolic content in stored apricots.

AGRONOMY-BASEL (2021)

Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Effects of Exogenous Melatonin Supplementations on Some Elemental Contents in Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra JF Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Seedling Tissues

Esra Nurten Yer Celik

Summary: The study found significant effects of different doses of exogenous melatonin supplementations on elemental contents in Anatolian black pine seedling tissues, indicating a potential regulatory role of melatonin in seedling tissue element metabolism.

BIORESOURCES (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Ameliorative effect of melatonin improves drought tolerance by regulating growth, photosynthetic traits and leaf ultrastructure of maize seedlings

Shakeel Ahmad et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that under drought stress conditions, melatonin application can promote the growth of maize seedlings, alleviate oxidative damage, and enhance plant resistance to stress.

BMC PLANT BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Exogenous application of melatonin to plants, algae, and harvested products to sustain agricultural productivity and enhance nutritional and nutraceutical value: A meta-analysis

Evgenios Agathokleous et al.

Summary: Research shows that the exogenous application of melatonin significantly increases crop productivity and yields, while enhancing the nutritional value of edible plant products and algae. The positive effects of melatonin on plants under various climate change and environmental stressors depend on the stressor.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2021)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Inhibition of downy blight and enhancement of resistance in litchi fruit by postharvest application of melatonin

Zhengke Zhang et al.

Summary: The study found that melatonin can enhance postharvest resistance to litchi downy blight in 'Feizixiao' litchis by modulating phenylpropanoid and pentose phosphate pathways as well as energy metabolism.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin increases leaf disease resistance and saponin biosynthesis in Panax notogiseng

Qian Yang et al.

Summary: The study revealed that exogenous application of melatonin can enhance endogenous phytomelatonin accumulation in Panax notoginseng, reducing the incidence of leaf diseases and increasing concentrations of saponins and expression of their biosynthesis-related genes.

JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Exogenous melatonin regulates chromium stress-induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis and antioxidative protection in Brassica napus cultivars

Ahsan Ayyaz et al.

Summary: The study shows that melatonin enhances chromium stress tolerance in canola plants by improving PSII activity, Y(NPQ), and antioxidant potential, effectively protecting PSII and reducing Cr content.

PLANT CELL REPORTS (2021)

Article Horticulture

Melatonin treatment maintains quality and delays lignification in loquat fruit during cold storage

Dan Wang et al.

Summary: The study found that MT treatment can reduce weight loss and firmness decline in loquat fruit during cold storage, while maintaining the sweetness of the fruit. MT also increases the content of phenolic compounds and organic acids in the fruit, as well as enhancing antioxidant capacity. Additionally, MT treatment regulates the activities of lignin biosynthesis-related enzymes.

SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE (2021)

Article Horticulture

Melatonin alleviates salt damage in tomato seedling: A root architecture system, photosynthetic capacity, ion homeostasis, and antioxidant enzymes analysis

Muhammad Ahsan Altaf et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that melatonin pretreatment significantly enhances the salt tolerance of tomato seedlings by improving root architecture, photosynthetic pigments, and overall growth status under salt stress. It also effectively reduces oxidative stress, inhibiting the accumulation of harmful substances and promoting enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants activities to mitigate salinity-induced damage.

SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE (2021)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Preharvest application of melatonin induces anthocyanin accumulation and related gene upregulation in red pear (Pyrus ussuriensis)

Sun Hui-li et al.

Summary: The application of preharvest melatonin significantly influenced the color development of Nanhong pears, enhancing the concentrations of anthocyanins and flavonols while reducing hydroxycinnamate and flavanol concentrations. The transcription levels of most anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and anthocyanin-related transcription factors were induced by melatonin treatment. Moreover, melatonin application stimulated the expression of melatonin biosynthesis-related genes, leading to an increase in endogenous melatonin concentration and providing insights into melatonin-induced fruit coloration for potential agricultural applications.

JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Exogenous melatonin induces drought stress tolerance by promoting plant growth and antioxidant defence system of soybean plants

Muhammad Imran et al.

Summary: The application of exogenous melatonin can enhance drought tolerance in soybean seedlings, particularly when applied in the root zone. It improves photosynthetic activity, reduces abscisic acid and drought-induced oxidative damage, and stimulates the activity of major antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, melatonin application counteracts the drought-induced increase in proline and sugar content.

AOB PLANTS (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin Enhances Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Medicago sativa Under Salinity via a Putative Melatonin Receptor MsPMTR1

Ruonan Yu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that melatonin (MT) and its precursor 5-HT play a positive role in alleviating salt stress in alfalfa, improving seed germination and seedling growth. The regulatory mechanism of MT in salt tolerance in alfalfa was analyzed, highlighting the importance of MsPMTR1 in mediating the effects of MT on plant growth under salt stress.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Roles of Endogenous Melatonin in Resistance to Botrytis cinerea Infection in an Arabidopsis Model

Ying Zhu et al.

Summary: Melatonin serves as an important bioactive molecule in plants and enhances plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection. Increased melatonin content activates resistance genes and defense pathways, leading to reduced disease symptoms and lesion size. Furthermore, melatonin plays a crucial role in regulating plant stress resistance at the genetic level.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin and Its Homologs Induce Immune Responses via Receptors trP47363-trP13076 in Nicotiana benthamiana

Mengmeng Kong et al.

Summary: The study showed that melatonin and its homologs could induce disease resistance in plants against Phytophthora nicotianae, as well as trigger stomatal closure and the production of reactive oxygen species. The upregulation of genes involved in hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and salicylic acid biosynthesis was observed. Additionally, silencing certain melatonin receptors compromised the defense responses induced by these compounds in Nicotiana benthamiana.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

The Effect of Foliar Application of Melatonin on Changes in Secondary Metabolite Contents in Two Citrus Species Under Drought Stress Conditions

Marziyeh Jafari et al.

Summary: The study found that crops treated with melatonin under severe drought stress had higher levels of total flavonoids and total phenols. The highest level of essential oil components was observed in both citrus varieties with 100 μM foliar application of melatonin under severe drought stress.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

Review Plant Sciences

Melatonin and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Plant Cells

Marino B. Arnao et al.

Summary: Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule present in all living organisms, is synthesized in plant cells in various organelles and plays a role as a modulatory agent improving plant tolerance to stress. This study reviews the effects of melatonin on plant carbohydrate metabolism under stress conditions, evaluating its modulation on various biosynthetic and degradation pathways. Furthermore, potential applications of melatonin in crop improvement and postharvest products are examined.

PLANTS-BASEL (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

The Crosstalk of Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulfide Determines Photosynthetic Performance by Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Wheat under Heat Stress

Noushina Iqbal et al.

Summary: Photosynthesis is a crucial process for plant growth and development. The application of melatonin can alleviate heat stress damage in wheat plants by enhancing photosynthesis through regulating carbohydrate metabolism.

PLANTS-BASEL (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin functions in priming of stomatal immunity in Panax notoginseng and Arabidopsis thaliana

Qian Yang et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that melatonin plays a significant role in priming stomatal immunity in plants, by regulating stomatal closure and activating kinases to prevent bacterial invasion. The phytomelatonin receptor 1 (PMTR1) is essential for perceiving melatonin signals for stomatal closure and kinase activation in a G alpha subunit GPA1-independent manner.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

2-Hydroxymelatonin, Rather Than Melatonin, Is Responsible for RBOH-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production Leading to Premature Senescence in Plants

Hyoung Yool Lee et al.

Summary: In contrast to melatonin, 2-OHM treatment induces ROS production in plants, leading to senescence symptoms such as leaf chlorosis and increased ion leakage, which require the ethylene and abscisic acid signaling pathways. The contradictory results of ROS production between 2-OHM and melatonin treatments suggest that 2-OHM acts as a senescence-inducing factor by inducing ROS production and senescence-related gene expression.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

The mechanisms underlying melatonin improved soybean seedling growth at different nitrogen levels

Huamei Wang et al.

Summary: The study showed that melatonin enhanced nitrogen metabolism in soybean, especially under low nitrogen levels, and improved tolerance to high nitrogen levels by accelerating ammonium assimilation and reducing membrane lipid peroxidation. Additionally, melatonin promoted soybean growth and biomass accumulation at different nitrogen levels.

FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin promotes Arabidopsis primary root growth in an IAA-dependent manner

Li Yang et al.

Summary: Melatonin has been found to mimic IAA in promoting primary root growth in Arabidopsis, and the two hormones regulate a similar subset of genes. Melatonin partially rescues primary root growth defects in pin mutants, but has little effect in the presence of high concentrations of auxin biosynthesis inhibitors.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Plant-derived melatonin from food: a gift of nature

Guo Cheng et al.

Summary: This article provides new information on plant-derived foods rich in melatonin, including its biosynthetic pathway, major functions, and factors influencing its levels. Plant melatonin is found to potentially play an important role in human diseases, suggesting the consumption of foods with higher concentrations of tryptophan and melatonin for health benefits.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Melatonin treatment maintains nutraceutical properties of pomegranate fruits during cold storage

Morteza Soleimani Aghdam et al.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Melatonin Alleviates Drought Stress by a Non-Enzymatic and Enzymatic Antioxidative System in Kiwifruit Seedlings

Hui Xia et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Melatonin and Its Protective Role against Biotic Stress Impacts on Plants

Mohamed Moustafa-Farag et al.

BIOMOLECULES (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Melatonin Mitigates Chilling-Induced Oxidative Stress and Photosynthesis Inhibition in Tomato Plants

Meiling Wang et al.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2020)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin Represses Oil and Anthocyanin Accumulation in Seeds1[OPEN]

Dong Li et al.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Exogenous melatonin promotes growth and sucrose metabolism of grape seedlings

Lisha Zhong et al.

PLOS ONE (2020)

Article Agronomy

Delay of ripening and softening in 'Guifei' mango fruit by postharvest application of melatonin

Shuaimin Liu et al.

POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Melatonin and calcium function synergistically to promote the resilience through ROS metabolism under arsenic-induced stress

Manzer H. Siddiqui et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2020)

Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Brassicaceae-Derived Anticancer Agents: Towards a Green Approach to Beat Cancer

Luigi Mandrich et al.

NUTRIENTS (2020)

Review Plant Sciences

Melatonin in flowering, fruit set and fruit ripening

M. B. Arnao et al.

PLANT REPRODUCTION (2020)

Article Plant Sciences

Alleviation of drought stress by melatonin foliar treatment on two flax varieties under sandy soil

Mervat Shamoon Sadak et al.

PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS (2020)

Article Food Science & Technology

Melatonin immersion affects the quality of fresh-cut broccoli (Brassica oleraceaL.) during cold storage: Focus on the antioxidant system

Liyang Wei et al.

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION (2020)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Melatonin, an ubiquitous metabolic regulator: functions, mechanisms and effects on circadian disruption and degenerative diseases

Andreea Iulia Socaciu et al.

REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Melatonin promotes carotenoid biosynthesis in an ethylene-dependent manner in tomato fruits

Qianqian Sun et al.

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Can Melatonin Be a Potential Silver Bullet in Treating COVID-19 Patients?

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Effects of Exogenous Application of Melatonin on Quality and Sugar Metabolism in Zaosu' Pear Fruit

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Exogenous melatonin ameliorates chilling injury in cut anthurium flowers during low temperature storage

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Physicochemical changes in 'Santa Rosa' plum fruit treated with melatonin during cold storage

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Striking effects of melatonin on secondary metabolites produced by callus culture of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

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PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE (2019)

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Melatonin Synthesis and Function: Evolutionary History in Animals and Plants

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FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

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Melatonin influence on in vitro callus induction and phenolic compound production in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

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Potential roles of melatonin and sulfur in alleviation of lanthanum toxicity in tomato seedlings

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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2019)

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Melatonin Inhibits Cadmium Translocation and Enhances Plant Tolerance by Regulating Sulfur Uptake and Assimilation in Solanum lycopersicum L.

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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2019)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Exogenous melatonin stimulated Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthesis in in vitro cultures of Leucojum aestivum L

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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2019)

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Melatonin-Induced Transcriptome Variation of Rapeseed Seedlings under Salt Stress

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

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Exogenous Melatonin Counteracts NaCl-Induced Damage by Regulating the Antioxidant System, Proline and Carbohydrates Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings

Manzer H. Siddiqui et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Synergistic effects of melatonin and distinct spectral lights for enhanced production of anti-cancerous compounds in callus cultures of Fagonia indica

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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY (2019)

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Melatonin: A New Plant Hormone and/or a Plant Master Regulator?

Marino B. Arnao et al.

TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2019)

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Role of Melatonin to Enhance Phytoremediation Capacity

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL (2019)

Review Plant Sciences

Phytomelatonin: a universal abiotic stress regulator

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JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY (2018)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Melatonin Antagonizes Jasmonate-Triggered Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Yu Ai et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2018)

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Delay of Postharvest Browning in Litchi Fruit by Melatonin via the Enhancing of Antioxidative Processes and Oxidation Repair

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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2018)

Review Neurosciences

The neuroprotective role of melatonin in neurological disorders

B. S. Alghamdi

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Melatonin redirects carbohydrates metabolism during sugar starvation in plant cells

Agnieszka Kobylinska et al.

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Synergistic anti-oomycete effect of melatonin with a biofungicide against oomycetic black shank disease

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JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2018)

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Phytomelatonin receptor PMTR1-mediated signaling regulates stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana

Jian Wei et al.

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2018)

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Melatonin enhances astaxanthin accumulation in the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis by mechanisms possibly related to abiotic stress tolerance

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ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS (2018)

Review Cell Biology

The role of melatonin, a multitasking molecule, in retarding the processes of ageing

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Melatonin alleviates low-sulfur stress by promoting sulfur homeostasis in tomato plants

Md Kamrul Hasan et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

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Melatonin Treatment Enhances the Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Red Wine

Xu Lili et al.

HORTICULTURAL PLANT JOURNAL (2018)

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Melatonin and its relationship to plant hormones

M. B. Arnao et al.

ANNALS OF BOTANY (2018)

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The AtrbohF-dependent regulation of ROS signaling is required for melatonin-induced salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis

Ziping Chen et al.

FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2017)

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A review of sleep disorders and melatonin

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NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH (2017)

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Exogenous melatonin ameliorates cold-induced damage in tomato plants

Fei Ding et al.

SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE (2017)

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Melatonin Regulates Root Architecture by Modulating Auxin Response in Rice

Chengzhen Liang et al.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2017)

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Effects of Melatonin on Anti-oxidative Systems and Photosystem II in Cold-Stressed Rice Seedlings

Qiao-Hong Han et al.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2017)

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Growth activity, rooting capacity, and tropism: three auxinic precepts fulfilled by melatonin

M. B. Arnao et al.

ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM (2017)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Melatonin biosynthesis in plants: multiple pathways catalyze tryptophan to melatonin in the cytoplasm or chloroplasts

Kyoungwhan Back et al.

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2016)

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Melatonin mediates the stabilization of DELLA proteins to repress the floral transition in Arabidopsis

Haitao Shi et al.

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2016)

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The beneficial effects of exogenous melatonin on tomato fruit properties

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SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE (2016)

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Unveiling the mechanism of melatonin impacts on maize seedling growth: sugar metabolism as a case

Hongbo Zhao et al.

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2015)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Functions of melatonin in plants: a review

Marino B. Arnao et al.

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2015)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Interactive effects of melatonin and light on growth parameters and biochemical markers in adventitious roots of Withania somnifera L.

Muhammad Adil et al.

PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE (2015)

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Exogenous melatonin improves seedling health index and drought tolerance in tomato

Jianlong Liu et al.

PLANT GROWTH REGULATION (2015)

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Melatonin combined with ascorbic acid provides salt adaptation in Citrus aurantium L. seedlings

Zacharoula Kostopoulou et al.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (2015)

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Alleviation of cold damage to photosystem II and metabolisms by melatonin in Bermudagrass

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FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2015)

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Melatonin promotes ripening and improves quality of tomato fruit during postharvest life

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JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY (2015)

Article Plant Sciences

Melatonin enhances plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance in soybean plants

Wei Wei et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY (2015)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Melatonin as a signal molecule triggering defense responses against pathogen attack in Arabidopsis and tobacco

Hyoung Yool Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2014)

Review Plant Sciences

Melatonin: plant growth regulator and/or biostimulator during stress?

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TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2014)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Melatonin Anticancer Effects: Review

Giuseppe Di Bella et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2013)

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Exogenous melatonin affects photosynthesis in characeae Chara australis

Dusan Lazar et al.

PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR (2013)

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The mitigation effects of exogenous melatonin on salinity-induced stress in Malus hupehensis

Chao Li et al.

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2012)

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Melatonin as an antioxidant and its semi-lunar rhythm in green macroalga Ulva sp.

Ofir Tal et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY (2011)

Article Plant Sciences

Phytomelatonin in the leaves and fruits of wild perennial plants

Ram Zohar et al.

PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS (2011)

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Protective effect of melatonin against chlorophyll degradation during the senescence of barley leaves

M. B. Arnao et al.

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2009)

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Distribution of Melatonin in Different Zones of Lupin and Barley Plants at Different Ages in the Presence and Absence of Light

J. Hernandez-Ruiz et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2008)

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Melatonin stimulates the expansion of etiolated lupin cotyledons

Josefa Hernandez-Ruiz et al.

PLANT GROWTH REGULATION (2008)

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Melatonin promotes adventitious- and lateral root regeneration in etiolated hypocotyls of Lupinus albus L.

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JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2007)

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Melatonin:: a growth-stimulating compound present in lupin tissues

J Hernández-Ruiz et al.

PLANTA (2004)

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Carbohydrate metabolism in a heat-girdled maize source leaf

E Jeannette et al.

PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT (2000)