期刊
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
卷 41, 期 8, 页码 1723-1732出版社
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01134-z
关键词
SARS-CoV-2; Cytokine; Nasal wash; Symptoms
类别
资金
- Universite de Geneve
- Swiss National Science Foundation [31CA30_196732/1]
- Fondation de Bienfaisance du Groupe Pictet
- Fondation Ancrage
- Fondation Privee des HUG
- Center for Emerging Viral Diseases
- Giorgi-Cavaglieri foundation
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [31CA30_196732] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
The study found that levels of certain cytokines in the nasal cavity of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients can remain elevated for up to 3 weeks, and some patients had S1-specific IgA present in their nasal cavity. In this mild cohort, anosmia was not associated with locally produced cytokines.
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to high viral loads in the upper respiratory tract that may be determinant in virus dissemination. The extent of intranasal antiviral response in relation to symptoms is unknown. Understanding how local innate responses control virus is key in the development of therapeutic approaches. Methods SARS-CoV-2-infected patients were enrolled in an observational study conducted at the Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland, investigating virological and immunological characteristics. Nasal wash and serum specimens from a subset of patients were collected to measure viral load, IgA specific for the S1 domain of the spike protein, and a cytokine panel at different time points after infection; cytokine levels were analyzed in relation to symptoms. Results Samples from 13 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and six controls were analyzed. We found an increase in CXCL10 and IL-6, whose levels remained elevated for up to 3 weeks after symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2 infection also induced CCL2 and GM-CSF, suggesting local recruitment and activation of myeloid cells. Local cytokine levels correlated with viral load but not with serum cytokine levels, nor with specific symptoms, including anosmia. Some patients had S1-specific IgA in the nasal cavity while almost none had IgG. Conclusion The nasal epithelium is an active site of cytokine response against SARS-CoV-2 that can last more than 2 weeks; in this mild COVID-19 cohort, anosmia was not associated with increases in any locally produced cytokines.
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