期刊
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
卷 35, 期 4, 页码 1179-1196出版社
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0301.1
关键词
Arctic; Ice loss/growth; Forecast verification/skill; Subseasonal variability
资金
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-18-12175]
- NSF (OPP Grant) [1751363]
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP)
- Directorate For Geosciences [1751363] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The predictability of extreme sea ice loss events on subseasonal scales is explored in dynamical forecast models. The results show that sea ice forecast skill is generally lower during extreme sea ice loss events, particularly in the summer. The forecast error remains high following extreme sea ice loss events and does not return to typical levels for several weeks.
The predictability of sea ice during extreme sea ice loss events on subseasonal (daily to weekly) time scales is explored in dynamical forecast models. These extreme sea ice loss events (defined as the 5th percentile of the 5-day change in sea ice extent) exhibit substantial regional and seasonal variability; in the central Arctic Ocean basin, most subseasonal rapid ice loss occurs in the summer, but in the marginal seas rapid sea ice loss occurs year-round. Dynamical forecast models are largely able to capture the seasonality of these extreme sea ice loss events. In most regions in the summertime, sea ice forecast skill is lower on extreme sea ice loss days than on nonextreme days, despite evidence that links these extreme events to large-scale atmospheric patterns; in the wintertime, the difference between extreme and non-extreme days is less pronounced. In a damped anomaly forecast benchmark estimate, the forecast error remains high following extreme sea ice loss events and does not return to typical error levels for many weeks; this signal is less robust in the dynamical forecast models but still present. Overall, these results suggest that sea ice forecast skill is generally lower during and after extreme sea ice loss events and also that, while dynamical forecast models are capable of simulating extreme sea ice loss events with similar characteristics to what we observe, forecast skill from dynamical models is limited by biases in mean state and variability and errors in the initialization.
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