☆ 4.5 Editorial Material

Recent biotechnological avenues in crop improvement and stress management

JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Summary: The study showed that adding exogenous GSH can significantly alleviate the detrimental effects of complete submergence on rice, increasing its tolerance by promoting growth restoration through increasing levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble proteins, and proline, and mitigating oxidative damage.

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GABA reverses salt-inhibited photosynthetic and growth responses through its influence on NO-mediated nitrogen-sulfur assimilation and antioxidant system in wheat

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Summary: The study shows that GABA helps improve nitrogen metabolism, sulfur assimilation, ion homeostasis, growth, and photosynthesis in wheat under salt stress, while mitigating oxidative stress induced by salt stress. Additionally, the impact of GABA on growth and photosynthesis under salt stress is mediated by nitric oxide (NO), influencing nitrogen and sulfur assimilation and antioxidant systems.

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Effect of red light on photosynthetic acclimation and the gene expression of certain light signalling components involved in the microRNA biogenesis in the extremophile Eutrema salsugineum

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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Arabidopsis GRAM-domain containing gene family in response to abiotic stresses and PGPR treatment

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Summary: Characterization of stress-responsive genes is crucial to understanding stress tolerance from a genomics perspective. The study identified and characterized fourteen AtGRAM genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, providing insights into their structure, organization, and evolutionary properties. Expression profiling of AtGRAM genes under different stresses, developmental stages, and hormonal treatments revealed modulation in response to abiotic stresses influenced by PGPR, indicating a multifaceted role in cross-talk with phytohormones. Further functional characterization of these genes is needed to better understand their precise roles in stress tolerance.

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Rhizobacterial consortium mediated aroma and yield enhancement in basmati and non-basmati rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

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Understanding the role of miRNAs for improvement of tea quality and stress tolerance

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Summary: miRNAs play a significant role in regulating stress tolerance in plants, with a particular focus on tea plants as an economically important crop. Understanding the function of miRNAs can help enhance stress resistance in tea plants, providing important guidance for crop improvement and quality enhancement of tea leaves.

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Comparative genomic analysis reveals evolutionary and structural attributes of MCM gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa

Sarvajeet Singh Gill et al.

Summary: The mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) family, essential for DNA replication in all eukaryotic organisms, was extensively analyzed in Arabidopsis and rice in this study. Comparative genomic distribution analysis revealed conservation of core MCMs 2-7 and absence of MCMs 8-10 in some taxa. Additional findings include phylogenetic clustering of MCMs, prominent duplication events in plant MCM family, and differential expression under stress conditions suggesting potential use in developing stress resilient crops.

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Transcriptome analysis of salt stress responsiveness in the seedlings of wild and cultivated Ricinus communis L

Pei Lei et al.

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Biotechnological approaches to dissect climate-resilient traits in millets and their application in crop improvement

Roshan Kumar Singh et al.

Summary: Small millets, excluding pearl millet and sorghum, are minor crops with excellent agronomic and nutritional traits but lack popularity. Despite being nutritionally rich compared to major cereals, small millets have received little research attention. However, the knowledge generated from studying small millets is significant for improving millets and potentially enhancing major cereals through breeding and transgene-based approaches.

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Transcriptomic analysis reveals potential pathways associated with salt resistance in pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch)

Jianhong Zhang et al.

Summary: Using RNA-sequencing technology, potential molecular mechanisms in pecan under salt stress were investigated. Differential gene expressions were detected after treating pecan plants with different concentrations of NaCl solutions. Up-regulated genes were mainly involved in salicylic acid response, short-term treatment of the jasmonic acid-mediated signaling pathway, and long-term treatments related to hypoxia, cellular respiration, and RNA modification. Down-regulated genes were associated with photosynthesis, water transport, and metabolic biosynthetic processes under salt stress.

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Progress in understanding salt stress response in plants using biotechnological tools

Ulkar Ibrahimova et al.

Summary: This review article discusses the impact of salt stress on plants and the adaptive mechanisms of plants to salt stress, including physiological, metabolic, and molecular aspects. Salinization is a global environmental issue that negatively affects crop yield and poses a threat to world food security. Conventional breeding techniques have not been very successful in developing salt tolerant plants, and the transgenic approach has provided a pathway for addressing this issue.

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

CC-type glutaredoxin, OsGrx_C7 plays a crucial role in enhancing protection against salt stress in rice

Pankaj Kumar Verma et al.

Summary: The rice glutaredoxin OsGrx_C7 plays a positive role in response to salt stress by regulating gene expression and biomass accumulation. Overexpression of OsGrx_C7 in rice plants under salt stress conditions resulted in improved growth and higher tolerance towards salt stress.

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Effect of salt stress on physiological parameters of microalgae Vischeria punctata strain IPPAS H-242, a superproducer of eicosapentaenoic acid

Maria A. Sinetova et al.

Summary: The eustigmatophycean alga IPPAS H-242 possesses good growth characteristics and high content of the long chain polyunsaturated eicosapentaenoic fatty acid (EPA). Under salt stress, biomass accumulation and cell division were severely inhibited, with cells showing larger size, higher chloroplast volume, more proteins, and higher EPA proportion in lipids. Despite the increase in EPA proportion in total FA, salt stress leads to a decrease in total EPA productivity.

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Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains producing ACC deaminase on photosynthesis, isoprene emission, ethylene formation and growth of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. in response to water deficit

Cecilia Brunetti et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that co-inoculation with PGPR strains containing ACC deaminase activity can improve plant growth and yield under water stress conditions by reducing root ethylene emission, maintaining higher levels of isoprene emission and carbon assimilation. This suggests the potential for biotechnological applications in water-stressed agricultural areas.

JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Reference gene identification for gene expression analysis in rice under different metal stress

Praveen Soni et al.

Summary: This study identified stable reference genes for gene expression studies under various heavy metal stresses in rice, recommending the use of specific reference genes for specific stress conditions. Genes encoding OsOBP and OsCK1a.3 were found to be the most stable reference genes under most tested conditions.

JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Overexpression of rice OsWNK9 promotes arsenite tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants

Rakesh Manuka et al.

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Overexpression of EcDREB2A transcription factor from finger millet in tobacco enhances tolerance to heat stress through ROS scavenging

Sonam Singh et al.

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