期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 23, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031311
关键词
glioblastoma; immunotherapy; invariant NKT; cytokine-induced killer cells; blood-brain barrier; blood-brain tumor barrier; tumor infiltration lymphocytes; overall survival
资金
- Deutsche Krebshilfe [70113470]
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease with poor prognosis and challenging treatment. Conventional therapies have limited success, prompting the exploration of immunotherapeutic approaches such as adjuvant NKT immunotherapy. This article discusses the current strategies of NKT therapy for GBM and their potential for improving clinical outcomes.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and dismal disease with a median overall survival of around 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 7.2%. Owing to genetic mutations, drug resistance, disruption to the blood-brain barrier (BBB)/blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and the complexity of the immunosuppressive environment, the therapeutic approaches to GBM represent still major challenges. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and standard chemotherapy with temozolomide, have not resulted in satisfactory improvements in the overall survival of GBM patients. Among cancer immunotherapeutic approaches, we propose that adjuvant NKT immunotherapy with invariant NKT (iNKT) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells may improve the clinical scenario of this devastating disease. Considering this, herein, we discuss the current strategies of NKT therapy for GBM based primarily on in vitro/in vivo experiments, clinical trials, and the combinatorial approaches with future therapeutic potential.
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