Interferon-β Activity Is Affected by S100B Protein

Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted in response to various pathological conditions and is clinically used for therapy of multiple sclerosis. Its application for treatment of cancer, infections and pulmonary diseases is limited by incomplete understanding of regulatory mechanisms of its functioning. Recently, we reported that IFN-beta activity is affected by interactions with S100A1, S100A4, S100A6, and S100P proteins, which are members of the S100 protein family of multifunctional Ca2+-binding proteins possessing cytokine-like activities (Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(24):9473). Here we show that IFN-beta interacts with one more representative of the S100 protein family, the S100B protein, involved in numerous oncological and neurological diseases. The use of chemical crosslinking, intrinsic fluorescence, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy revealed IFN-beta binding to Ca2+-loaded dimeric and monomeric forms of the S100B protein. Calcium depletion blocks the S100B-IFN-beta interaction. S100B monomerization increases its affinity to IFN-beta by 2.7 orders of magnitude (equilibrium dissociation constant of the complex reaches 47 pM). Crystal violet assay demonstrated that combined application of IFN-beta and S100B (5-25 nM) eliminates their inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cell viability. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the direct modulation of IFN-beta activity by the S100B protein described here could be relevant to progression of multiple oncological and neurological diseases.

Automated summary

Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) activity is affected by interactions with S100 proteins, including S100A1, S100A4, S100A6, S100P, and S100B. This study demonstrates the interaction between IFN-beta and S100B, and shows that monomerization of S100B enhances its affinity to IFN-beta. The modulation of IFN-beta activity by S100B could be relevant to the progression of various oncological and neurological diseases.