期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 23, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042140
关键词
nanomedicine; iron-carbohydrate complexes; carbohydrate
Un-complexed polynuclear ferric oxyhydroxide is not safe or effective for patient administration. Stable complexes formed with carbohydrates provide usable iron while avoiding adverse effects. The surface characteristics of iron-carbohydrate complexes determine their clearance rate, tissue distribution, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles.
Un-complexed polynuclear ferric oxyhydroxide cannot be administered safely or effectively to patients. When polynuclear iron cores are formed with carbohydrates of various structures, stable complexes with surface carbohydrates driven by multiple interacting sites and forces are formed. These complexes deliver iron in a usable form to the body while avoiding the serious adverse effects of un-complexed forms of iron, such as polynuclear ferric oxyhydroxide. The rate and extent of plasma clearance and tissue biodistribution is variable among the commercially available iron-carbohydrate complexes and is driven principally by the surface characteristics of the complexes which dictate macrophage opsonization. The surface chemistry differences between the iron-carbohydrate complexes results in significant differences in in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles as well as adverse event profiles, demonstrating that the entire iron-carbohydrate complex furnishes the pharmacologic action for these complex products. Currently available physicochemical characterization methods have limitations in biorelevant matrices resulting in challenges in defining critical quality attributes for surface characteristics for this class of complex nanomedicines.
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