☆ 4.7 Review

Novel Inhibitor-Based Therapies for Thyroid Cancer-An Update

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Oncology

Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on thyroid function and thyroid hormone metabolism

Alessio Basolo et al.

Summary: The increasing knowledge of molecular mechanisms in cell signaling pathways has led to the discovery of tyrosine kinases, which can be targeted for anticancer therapy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors block enzyme activity and inhibit the growth and spread of cancer, but can also cause thyroid dysfunction.

SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Cortisol Deficiency in Lenvatinib Treatment of Thyroid Cancer: An Underestimated Common Adverse Event

Salvatore Monti et al.

Summary: Our study found that about 54% of patients undergoing lenvatinib treatment developed primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), and cortisone acetate treatment improved fatigue in six out of seven patients (85.7%) in the PAI group. Early diagnosis of PAI is crucial for improving treatment-related fatigue.

THYROID (2022)

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Article Surgery

Impact of multikinase inhibitor approval on survival and physician practice patterns in advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma

Jessica W. Thiesmeyer et al.

Summary: This study found that after the approval of multikinase inhibitors, physicians broadened the criteria for systemic therapy, but prescription rates have since declined. Overall survival did not show significant improvement following the introduction of multikinase inhibitors.

SURGERY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Prognostic Impact of Histologic Grade for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Allen S. Ho et al.

Summary: The study revealed that worsening histologic grade in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is associated with an increased mortality risk. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) was found to be related to improved survival in the most aggressive or least differentiated subvariants.

ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Review Oncology

Rechallenge with dabrafenib plus trametinib in anaplastic thyroid cancer: A case report and review of literature

Rukiye Arikan et al.

Summary: This case report highlights the successful rechallenge of a patient with ATC and BRAF V600E mutation using dabrafenib plus trametinib. The study suggests that this combination therapy could be a promising option for resistant locoregional and metastatic ATC patients with BRAF V600E mutation. Rechallenge with dabrafenib-trametinib should also be considered in certain selected cases.

CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Cabozantinib and Vandetanib in Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Viktoria F. Koehler et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy of vandetanib and cabozantinib in treating patients with medullary thyroid cancer outside of clinical trials at four German tertiary care centers. The findings suggest that both drugs are effective treatment options for the majority of patients with MTC.

THYROID (2021)

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Article Oncology

Analysis of ALK, IDH1, IDH2 and MMP8 somatic mutations in differentiated thyroid cancers

Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan et al.

Summary: The study revealed that ALK, IDH1, IDH2, and MMP8 gene mutations are less frequent in differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs), but more common in aggressive thyroid cancers such as poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). These genes may serve as potential therapeutic targets in ATCs and PDTCs, highlighting their importance in these subsets of thyroid cancers.

MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Anaplastic thyroid cancer with long-term survival with lenvatinib therapy and preservation of laryngeal function after one-stage reconstruction: A case report

Akihisa Tanaka et al.

Summary: Laryngotracheal reconstruction was successfully performed on a 71-year-old female patient with thyroid carcinoma involving the larynx, using free flap reconstruction and adjuvant therapy with lenvatinib. The patient achieved complete response and good laryngeal function 26 months post-operation, indicating the effectiveness of the treatment approach.

MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

New Horizons: Emerging Therapies and Targets in Thyroid Cancer

Matthew D. Ringel

Summary: Treatment of progressive metastatic follicular cell-derived and medullary thyroid cancers is challenging, with limited complete remissions, short response durations, and common toxicities. Further research into resistance mechanisms, biomarker development, and new therapeutic strategies is needed.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Donafenib in Progressive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Results of a Randomized, Multicenter Phase II Trial

Yan-Song Lin et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the new multikinase inhibitor donafenib in treating locally advanced or metastatic RAIR-DTC. Both 200mg and 300mg doses of donafenib showed similar efficacy in terms of objective response rate, with the 300mg dose demonstrating a trend towards longer progression-free survival and more tumor shrinkage. The most common grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia and hypertension.

THYROID (2021)

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Review Biophysics

Ras isoform-specific expression, chromatin accessibility, and signaling

Ruth Nussinov et al.

Summary: This article extensively studies the anchorage of Ras isoforms in the membrane and their nanocluster formations, focusing on their interactions, sizes, preferred membrane environments, chemistry, and geometry. It also highlights the epigenetics and chromatin accessibility of these isoforms in different cell states and types as a major factor determining their specific expression. Additionally, it suggests that isoform-specific expression may be controlled by chromatin density and physical compaction, influencing access to chromatinized DNA and ultimately gene expression.

BIOPHYSICAL REVIEWS (2021)

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Cancer Statistics, 2021

Rebecca L. Siegel et al.

Summary: Every year, the American Cancer Society projects the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States, with the latest data showing a significant decline in lung cancer mortality, while prostate cancer mortality has plateaued and breast and colorectal cancer mortality have slowed. Improvements in treatment have accelerated progress against lung cancer, leading to a record drop in overall cancer mortality.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Combination therapy with lenvatinib and radiation significantly inhibits thyroid cancer growth by uptake of tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Kensuke Suzuki et al.

Summary: Combination therapy with lenvatinib and radiation (CTLR) demonstrates synergistic antitumor effects by inhibiting cell replication and tumor growth, offering a potential new therapeutic strategy for advanced thyroid cancer with fewer side effects.

EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Synergistic Anticancer Activity of N-Hydroxy-7-(2-Naphthylthio) Heptanomide, Sorafenib, and Radiation Therapy in Patient-Derived Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Models

Hyeok Jun Yun et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the synergistic anticancer effect of HNHA, sorafenib, and radiation therapy in ATC models, showing that the combination therapy promoted tumor suppression and cell cycle arrest. This novel approach of combining HNHA and sorafenib with radiation therapy may be effective for treating ATC.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Oncology

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition alleviates resistance to BRAF inhibition in anaplastic thyroid cancer

Ying Wang et al.

Summary: The study identified a combinational therapy of Vemurafenib and Stattic as an effective treatment for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) patients. Undifferentiated TC cells were resistant to Vemurafenib, but inhibition of STAT3 enhanced sensitivity of ATC cell lines to Vemurafenib. Stattic significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect of Vemurafenib in a mouse model.

INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Vitamin C sensitizes BRAFV600E thyroid cancer to PLX4032 via inhibiting the feedback activation of MAPK/ERK signal by PLX4032

Xi Su et al.

Summary: Combination therapy of PLX4032 and Vitamin C significantly inhibits proliferation and tumor growth of BRAF(MT) thyroid cancer cells, inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The therapy relieves the pathway feedback activation caused by PLX4032 monotherapy.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Oncology

The complex regulation of NIS expression and activity in thyroid and extrathyroidal tissues

Garcilaso Riesco-Eizaguirre et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the recent findings regarding the regulation of NIS in thyroid and extrathyroidal tissues, discussing the transcriptional regulatory elements, epigenetic modifications, and miRNAs that play a role in regulating NIS expression. The review also covers the dysregulation of NIS in cancer, the distribution and function of NIS in extrathyroidal tissues, and the role that NIS plays in tumor progression independently of its transport activity.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2021)

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Tailoring the approach to radioactive iodine treatment in thyroid cancer

Sarah E. Mayson et al.

Summary: The treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer is moving towards individualized therapeutic decision-making, with a focus on risk stratification to determine the use of radioactive iodine (RAI). RAI can be safely deferred for low-risk patients, while adjuvant RAI may benefit higher-risk patients.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2021)

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Elevated ABCB1 Expression Confers Acquired Resistance to Aurora Kinase Inhibitor GSK-1070916 in Cancer Cells

Zhuo-Xun Wu et al.

Summary: The overexpression of ABCB1 transporter can confer resistance to GSK-1070916, and this resistance can be overcome by the addition of an ABCB1 inhibitor. GSK-1070916 stimulates the ATPase activity of ABCB1 in a concentration-dependent manner and shows high binding affinity to the ABCB1 substrate-binding site in computational docking analysis.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Review Oncology

Thyroid Hurthle Cell Carcinoma: Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Features

Shoko Kure et al.

Summary: Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 3-4% of thyroid carcinoma cases and is considered to be more aggressive due to its unique cytological characteristics. Pathological features and biological behavior of HCC are still unclear due to its rarity, making preoperative diagnosis challenging. Current studies focus on clinical, pathological, and molecular features of HCC to improve clinical management.

CANCERS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Structural basis of acquired resistance to selpercatinib and pralsetinib mediated by non-gatekeeper RET mutations

V Subbiah et al.

Summary: The study revealed that RET mutations resistant to selpercatinib and pralsetinib mainly located at the solvent front and hinge regions in medullary thyroid cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. The unconventional binding mode of selpercatinib and pralsetinib to RET avoids interference from gatekeeper mutations but is susceptible to non-gatekeeper mutations.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

Hyuna Sung et al.

Summary: The global cancer burden in 2020 saw an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths. Female breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, while lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death. These trends are expected to rise in 2040, with transitioning countries experiencing a larger increase compared to transitioned countries due to demographic changes and risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to improve cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries will be crucial for global cancer control.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2021)

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Review Oncology

Redifferentiation-facilitated radioiodine therapy in thyroid cancer

Livia Lamartina et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown that inhibiting the MAPkinase pathway may induce redifferentiation in patients with radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. Encouraging preliminary data suggests that this strategy could be an alternative treatment for patients with a druggable mutation that activates the MAP kinase pathway, but there are still many unresolved questions in this active area of research.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Oncogenic KRAS blockade therapy: renewed enthusiasm and persistent challenges

Daolin Tang et al.

Summary: The article discusses oncogenic mutations in human tumors and the various approaches to targeting KRAS, including indirect and direct methods. Specifically, it explores the use of inhibitors for the KRAS-G12C variant and strategies to overcome resistance to its blockade.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Questions and Controversies in the Clinical Application of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors to Treat Patients with Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Expert Perspectives

Frederik A. Verburg et al.

Summary: Despite regulatory approval, there are still important questions and controversies surrounding the use of lenvatinib and sorafenib to treat radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (RAI-R DTC), including when to start TKI therapy and the choice of first-line TKIs.

HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Multikinase inhibitors in thyroid cancer: timing of targeted therapy

Matti L. Gild et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the evidence from clinical trials on the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treating thyroid cancer. It also discusses the experience with these drugs in clinical practice and factors that can help clinicians decide when to start or continue tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Lenvatinib as a salvage therapy for advanced metastatic medullary thyroid cancer

A. Matrone et al.

Summary: Lenvatinib showed potential effectiveness as salvage therapy in patients with advanced progressive metastatic medullary thyroid cancer, especially for those who had previously failed with other treatments or were deemed unsuitable for other options.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Oncology

Synergistic Effects of Lenvatinib (E7080) and MEK Inhibitors against Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in Preclinical Models

Keisuke Enomoto et al.

Summary: The study suggests that combining lenvatinib with MEK inhibitors may have potential therapeutic efficacy for treating radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments validating the anti-tumor effects of this combination.

CANCERS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Upregulation of TRIB2 by Wnt/β-catenin activation in BRAFV600E papillary thyroid carcinoma cells confers resistance to BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib

Nianxue Wang et al.

Summary: The study revealed that upregulation of TRIB2 through Wnt/beta-catenin activation leads to resistance to vemurafenib in PTC with BRAF(V600) mutation. TRIB2 could potentially be a therapeutic target for resistant PTC.

CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Anlotinib in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Randomized, Double-Blind Phase IIB Trial

Dapeng Li et al.

Summary: Anlotinib demonstrated significant improvement in progression-free survival and objective response rate in patients with MTC, with a higher incidence of treatment-related adverse events. However, it showed relatively reliable safety profile in this population.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Thyroid Cancers: From Surgery to Current and Future Systemic Therapies through Their Molecular Identities

Loredana Lorusso et al.

Summary: Differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancers require different treatment approaches, with targeted therapies like TKIs showing efficacy. Systemic treatments for advanced cases are becoming more targeted based on the molecular identity of the tumor.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Long-Term Results of a Phase II Trial of Apatinib for Progressive Radioiodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Yan-Song Lin et al.

Summary: The long-term evaluation of apatinib in patients with radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer showed sustainable efficacy and tolerable safety profile, especially for patients with BRAF(V600E) mutation.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Oncology

Open-Label, Single-Arm, Multicenter, Phase II Trial of Lenvatinib for the Treatment of Patients With Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Lori J. Wirth et al.

Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Lenvatinib in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and found that Lenvatinib monotherapy may not be an effective treatment for ATC, suggesting the need for further investigation.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Progress in Treating Advanced Thyroid Cancers in the Era of Targeted Therapy

Carrie C. Lubitz et al.

Summary: Thyroid cancer has seen a significant increase in incidence, with high frequencies of druggable molecular alterations, especially oncogenic driver kinase fusions, and the understanding that poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma develop from more well-differentiated follicular-derived thyroid cancers. Identification of driver genomic alterations not only predicts tumor phenotype but also guides treatment approaches. Major progress in understanding the molecular underpinnings of different thyroid cancers has led to gene-specific systemic therapies and advancements in targeted therapy.

THYROID (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

2021 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Management of Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer American Thyroid Association Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Guidelines Task Force

Keith C. Bible et al.

Summary: The guidelines for the management of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) aim to provide evidence-based recommendations to inform clinical decision-making, encompassing diagnosis, treatment goals, locoregional and advanced disease approaches, palliative care, surveillance, and ethical considerations.

THYROID (2021)

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Review Oncology

RTK Inhibitors in Melanoma: From Bench to Bedside

Malak Sabbah et al.

Summary: Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play key roles in melanoma development, and their activation mechanisms and inhibitors have significant implications in experimental and clinical studies across different stages.

CANCERS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Cancer statistics for the US Hispanic/Latino population, 2021

Kimberly D. Miller et al.

Summary: The Hispanic/Latino population accounts for 18% of the total population in the continental United States and Hawaii. While their cancer incidence and mortality rates are lower compared to non-Hispanic Whites, they have higher rates of certain types of cancer such as liver and stomach cancer, indicating the need for improved cancer prevention strategies.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Co-inhibition of SMAD and MAPK signaling enhances 124I uptake in BRAF-mutant thyroid cancers

Kathleen A. Luckett et al.

Summary: Activin family ligands converge to induce pSMAD in Braf-mutant PTCs. Blocking SMAD signaling alone is insufficient to enhance iodide uptake in the setting of constitutive MAPK activation. However, combination treatment with either follistatin or vactosertib and the MEK inhibitor CKI increased I-124 uptake compared to CKI alone.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2021)

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Article Oncology

Targeting EML4-ALK gene fusion variant 3 in thyroid cancer

Mehtap Derya Aydemirli et al.

Summary: The study established a novel thyroid cancer cell line JVE404 and found the highest sensitivity to lorlatinib, leading to personalized targeted treatment with positive outcomes for the patient.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2021)

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Article Oncology

Can TP53-mutant follicular adenoma be a precursor of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma?

Alyaksandr Nikitski et al.

Summary: Mutations of the TP53 gene are common in thyroid anaplastic carcinomas and can also be found in benign adenomas. Our study found that thyroid nodules with TP53 mutations either alone or in combination with other alterations may represent precursors for well-differentiated cancers, including anaplastic carcinomas.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Multimodal treatments and outcomes for anaplastic thyroid cancer before and after tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy: a real-world experience

Jun Park et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer patients, showing that a multimodality treatment approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and TKI therapy was the most effective. The study found that patients who received TKI therapy had improved survival outcomes, with dabrafenib plus trametinib being identified as the most effective treatment for BRAF mutant ATC patients.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

BRAF Inhibitors Induce Feedback Activation of RAS Pathway in Thyroid Cancer Cells

Elisa Bonaldi et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the BRAF inhibitors Vemurafenib and Dabrafenib induce antiproliferative and redifferentiative effects in thyroid cancer cells, while rewiring the MAPK pathway related to RAS signaling.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Whole-genome Sequencing of Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas Reveal Recurrent Mutations in MicroRNA Processing Subunit DGCR8

Johan O. Paulsson et al.

Summary: This study describes the genomic and transcriptomic landscape in widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinomas (wiFTCs) and Hurthle cell carcinomas (HCCs), identifying novel recurrent mutations and copy number alterations with possible driver properties, thereby laying the foundation for future studies.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Meeting Abstract Oncology

Randomized phase II study of sorafenib with or without everolimus in patients with radioactive iodine refractory Hurthle cell thyroid cancer (HCC) (Alliance A091302/ ITOG 1706).

Eric Jeffrey Sherman et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Cabozantinib for radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (COSMIC-311): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Marcia S. Brose et al.

Summary: Patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer who have previously undergone VEGFR-targeted therapy and have no available standard of care were evaluated in this study for the tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib. Results showed that cabozantinib significantly prolonged progression-free survival, potentially offering a new treatment option for these patients.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Next-generation sequencing in thyroid cancers: do targetable alterations lead to a therapeutic advantage? A multicenter experience

Assaf Moore et al.

Summary: Radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancers and anaplastic tumors have limited treatment options, but next-generation sequencing can detect clinically significant genetic alterations that benefit patients by improving survival outcomes.

MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Selpercatinib-Enhanced Radioiodine Uptake in RET-Rearranged Thyroid Cancer

Lionel Groussin et al.

THYROID (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Multi-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Radioiodine Refractory Thyroid Cancer

Viktoria Florentine Koehler et al.

Summary: Sorafenib, lenvatinib, and pazopanib are effective treatment options for the majority of patients with RAI-refractory DTC. Patients treated with lenvatinib and pazopanib in the first-line setting show favorable PFS and six-month survival rates compared to sorafenib.

THYROID (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of Gender Inequity in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis Differences by Sex in US Thyroid Cancer Incidence Compared With a Meta-analysis of Subclinical Thyroid Cancer Rates at Autopsy

Karissa LeClair et al.

Summary: Thyroid cancer is more common in women, with small subclinical papillary thyroid cancers more frequently detected in women than in men. As cancer type becomes more lethal, the detection ratio between genders approaches 1:1. Gender differences in health care utilization and clinical thinking patterns may influence cancer detection rates.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Pralsetinib for patients with advanced or metastatic RET-altered thyroid cancer (ARROW): a multi-cohort, open-label, registrational, phase 1/2 study

Vivek Subbiah et al.

Summary: Pralsetinib is a new, well-tolerated, potent once-daily oral treatment option for patients with RET-altered thyroid cancer, showing significant antitumor activity and good safety profile in patients with different types of RET alterations.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Novel Therapeutics in Radioactive Iodine-Resistant Thyroid Cancer

Tanner Fullmer et al.

Summary: Advancements in understanding the molecular basis of thyroid function and carcinogenesis have led to the development of novel therapeutic options for iodine-resistant thyroid cancer, significantly improving the prognostic outlook for patients. FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors and small molecular inhibitors target various pathways to re-sensitize de-differentiated cancers to iodine treatment and have even provided treatment options for previously considered fatal mutations like BRAF in anaplastic thyroid cancer. The treatment landscape for iodine-resistant thyroid cancer is rapidly evolving with new targets, therapies, clinical trials, and approved treatments.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Association Between Aggressive Clinicopathologic Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aliki Economides et al.

Summary: The study found that higher BMI is significantly associated with ETE, multifocality, and tumor size. Further research with a larger number of participants is needed to elucidate the association of increased BMI with advanced TNM stage and LN metastasis.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Higher EU-TIRADS-Score Correlated with BRAF V600E Positivity in the Early Stage of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Karolina Skubisz et al.

Summary: The study found a significant correlation between BRAF V600E and a higher EU-TIRADS score, as well as a correlation between hypoechogenicity and a taller-than-wide tumor shape in analyzed patients. However, no other significant associations were found between the identified genetic variants and other clinicopathological features. For TC patient stratification, a strong suspicion of BRAF V600E negativity in preoperative management could help avoid over-treatment of asymptomatic, low-risk disease and allow for active surveillance.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Oncology

Significance of RAS Mutations in Thyroid Benign Nodules and Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Vincenzo Marotta et al.

Summary: Only about 4% of thyroid nodules are carcinomas and require surgery. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is the most accurate tool to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid nodules, however about 30% of cases yield an indeterminate result. Testing for RAS mutations has limited utility due to its poor specificity and sensitivity.

CANCERS (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Thyroid Nodule Characterization: How to Assess the Malignancy Risk. Update of the Literature

Daniele Fresilli et al.

Summary: Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for evaluating thyroid parenchyma, with new software like CEUS and USE enhancing its role. While USE is now seen as an integral part of MPUS examination for thyroid nodules, the role of CEUS remains controversial due to variability. The advancement in molecular mechanisms allows for the identification of new genomic thyroid markers that could potentially reduce unnecessary thyroidectomies.

DIAGNOSTICS (2021)

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Article Oncology

The L730V/I RET roof mutations display different activities toward pralsetinib and selpercatinib

Tao Shen et al.

Summary: Recently FDA-approved pralsetinib and selpercatinib are RET-selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treating RET-altered cancers. Selpercatinib was found to effectively inhibit certain resistant mutations that were strongly resistant to pralsetinib, showing better activity in those cases.

NPJ PRECISION ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Review Oncology

Precision therapy for RET-altered cancers with RET inhibitors

Kyaw Z. Thein et al.

Summary: RET is involved in physiological development and its activated mutations are potent drivers of cancer. Traditional treatment with MKIs has modest efficacy but notable toxicities. Novel RET inhibitors like selpercatinib and pralsetinib have shown success in the clinic, providing a promising future outlook.

TRENDS IN CANCER (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

NTRK and RET fusion-directed therapy in pediatric thyroid cancer yields a tumor response and radioiodine uptake

Young Ah Lee et al.

Summary: This study investigated the molecular characteristics of pediatric papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and identified different genetic drivers, including fusion oncogenes and point mutations. For patients with fusion oncogene PTC, fusion-directed therapy may lead to dramatic tumor responses.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Sorafenib and Lenvatinib Treatment for Metastasis/Recurrence of Radioactive Iodine-refractory Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Yasuhiro Ito et al.

Summary: The study found that lenvatinib (LEN) may be more effective than sorafenib (SOR) in patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (RR-DTC), with a higher partial response rate. After LEN treatment, the levels of serum thyroglobulin significantly decreased in patients, but the choice of first-line drug should be based on individual patient characteristics and adverse events.

IN VIVO (2021)

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Article Surgery

Selective inhibition of V600E-mutant BRAF gene induces apoptosis in thyroid carcinoma cell lines

Kyoung Sik Park et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the potential relationship between thyroiditis and BRAFV600E mutation status in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. The selective inhibitor of BRAFV600E PLX4032 affected cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokine levels in two thyroid cancer cell lines. The results indicated that PLX4032 blocked kinase activity and induced apoptosis in the cells, suggesting a potential targeted therapy for thyroid cancer involving inflammatory signaling pathways.

ANNALS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT AND RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Long-term management of lenvatinib-treated thyroid cancer patients: a real-life experience at a single institution

Tommaso Porcelli et al.

Summary: The study retrospectively evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of lenvatinib in 23 patients with radioactive iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. The results showed that long-term lenvatinib treatment is safe and some patients may experience persistent long-term control of the disease. Late treatment-related adverse events rarely occurred, and oligoprogressive and slowly progressive disease can be managed without treatment withdrawal as long as there are some clinical benefits.

ENDOCRINE (2021)

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Article Oncology

Medullary thyroid cancer treated with vandetanib: predictors of a longer and durable response

Laura Valerio et al.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2020)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Lenvatinib and sorafenib for differentiated thyroid cancer after radioactive iodine: a systematic review and economic evaluation

Nigel Fleeman et al.

HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Overexpression of ABCB1 Transporter Confers Resistance to mTOR Inhibitor WYE-354 in Cancer Cells

Jingqiu Wang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Oncology

State-of-the-Art Strategies for Targeting RET-Dependent Cancers

Vivek Subbiah et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Entrectinib in patients with advanced or metastatic NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours: integrated analysis of three phase 1-2 trials

Robert C. Doebele et al.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Surgery

Dual inhibition of BRAF and MEK increases expression of sodium iodide symporter in patient-derived papillary thyroid cancer cells in vitro

Timothy M. Ullmann et al.

SURGERY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

A Novel Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Can Augment Radioactive Iodine Uptake Through Endogenous Sodium/Iodide Symporter Expression in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Ji Min Oh et al.

THYROID (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Prospects for Redifferentiating Agents in the Use of Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Thyroid Cancer

Sissy M. Jhiang et al.

THYROID (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Lenvatinib for Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Candidate Biomarkers Associated with Survival: A Multicenter Study in Korea

Eyun Song et al.

THYROID (2020)

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Review Surgery

European perspective on the use of molecular tests in the diagnosis and therapy of thyroid neoplasms

Malgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska et al.

GLAND SURGERY (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Lenvatinib and Subsequent Therapy for Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Real-World Study of Clinical Effectiveness in the United States

Jonathan K. Kish et al.

ADVANCES IN THERAPY (2020)

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Review Oncology

Thyroid dysfunction and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Thi-Van-Trinh Tran et al.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Histological features of BRAF V600E-mutant anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

Tiffany Y. Chen et al.

HISTOPATHOLOGY (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

NTRK Fusions, from the Diagnostic Algorithm to Innovative Treatment in the Era of Precision Medicine

Federica Zito Marino et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Oncology

Phase I, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation/Dose-Expansion Study of Lifirafenib (BGB-283), an RAF Family Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Solid Tumors

Jayesh Desai et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Pathology

Clinicopathologic and molecular characterization ofNTRK-rearranged thyroid carcinoma (NRTC)

Ying-Hsia Chu et al.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

New Therapies for Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Diprajan Laha et al.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Apatinib Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Autophagy in Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Xiangrui Meng et al.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Safety and Effectiveness of Lenvatinib in 594 Patients with Unresectable Thyroid Cancer in an All-Case Post-Marketing Observational Study in Japan

Shunji Takahashi et al.

ADVANCES IN THERAPY (2020)

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Review Oncology

Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management

Carolina Nylen et al.

CANCERS (2020)

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Article Oncology

Efficacy and Safety of Vandetanib in Progressive and Symptomatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Post Hoc Analysis From the ZETA Trial

Michael C. Kreissl et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Dabrafenib and Trametinib in Patients With Tumors With BRAFV600E Mutations: Results of the NCI-MATCH Trial Subprotocol H

April K. S. Salama et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Otorhinolaryngology

A long survival patient of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma treated with lenvatinib

Takao Hamamoto et al.

AURIS NASUS LARYNX (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

TERT promoter mutation determines apoptotic and therapeutic responses of BRAF-mutant cancers to BRAF and MEK inhibitors: Achilles Heel

Jie Tan et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Melatonin synergizes BRAF-targeting agent dabrafenib for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer by inhibiting AKT/hTERT signalling

Yina Liao et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

FOXN3 suppresses the growth and invasion of papillary thyroid cancer through the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Chang'an Zhao et al.

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of Selpercatinib in RET-Altered Thyroid Cancers

L. J. Wirth et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A national database analysis for factors associated with thyroid cancer occurrence

Joon-Hyop Lee et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Current status of the prognostic molecular markers in medullary thyroid carcinoma

Malgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska et al.

ENDOCRINE CONNECTIONS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Akt isoform-specific effects on thyroid cancer development and progression in a murine thyroid cancer model

Motoyasu Saji et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

DURABLE RESPONSE IN A CASE OF METASTATIC ANAPLASTIC THYROID CANCER USING A COMBINATION OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS AND A CHECK POINT INHIBITOR

C. Lungulescu et al.

ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tyrosine Kinase Receptors in Oncology

Jorge Esteban-Villarrubia et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Review Oncology

Clinical Development of BRAF plus MEK Inhibitor Combinations

Vivek Subbiah et al.

TRENDS IN CANCER (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Sorafenib and radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Guoli Feng et al.

ENDOCRINE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

2020 Chinese guidelines for ultrasound malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules: the C-TIRADS

JianQiao Zhou et al.

ENDOCRINE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The role of EIF1AX in thyroid cancer tumourigenesis and progression

J. Simoes-Pereira et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Thyroid peroxidase as a dual active site enzyme: Focus on biosynthesis, hormonogenesis and thyroid disorders of autoimmunity and cancer

Marlena Godlewska et al.

BIOCHIMIE (2019)

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Review Oncology

Medullary thyroid carcinoma beyond surgery: advances, challenges, and perspectives

Lucieli Ceolin et al.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2019)

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Review Genetics & Heredity

Molecular Alterations in Thyroid Cancer: From Bench to Clinical Practice

Elena Tirro et al.

GENES (2019)

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Review Oncology

Targeting Oncogenic BRAF: Past, Present, and Future

Aubhishek Zaman et al.

CANCERS (2019)

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Article Oncology

Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

S. Filetti et al.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2019)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Thyroid Peroxidase Revisited - What's New?

Marlena Godlewska et al.

HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH (2019)

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Review Oncology

Managing the adverse events associated with lenvatinib therapy in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer

Maria E. Cabanillas et al.

SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY (2019)

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Article Oncology

EIF1AX and RAS Mutations Cooperate to Drive Thyroid Tumorigenesis through ATF4 and c-MYC

Gnana P. Krishnamoorthy et al.

CANCER DISCOVERY (2019)

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Review Immunology

WNT Signaling in Tumors: The Way to Evade Drugs and Immunity

Elena Martin-Orozco et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Genetic Landscape of Somatic Mutations in a Large Cohort of Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas Studied by Next-Generation Targeted Sequencing

Raffaele Ciampi et al.

ISCIENCE (2019)

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Review Oncology

Management of treatment-related toxicities in advanced medullary thyroid cancer

Marcia S. Brose et al.

CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS (2018)

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Article Oncology

Genetic Analysis of 779 Advanced Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancers

Nikita Pozdeyev et al.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2018)

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Review Oncology

Radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer

Yuchen Jin et al.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY (2018)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Pioglitazone Therapy of PAX8-PPARγ Fusion Protein Thyroid Carcinoma

Thomas J. Giordano et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2018)

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Article Cell Biology

Heterogeneity of Thyroid Cancer

Ewa Chmielik et al.

PATHOBIOLOGY (2018)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Gene Fusions in Thyroid Cancer

Valentina D. Yakushina et al.

THYROID (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Regulation of mutant TERT by BRAF V600E/MAP kinase pathway through FOS/GABP in human cancer

Rengyun Liu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Article Oncology

Integrated Genomic Analysis of Hurthle Cell Cancer Reveals Oncogenic Drivers, Recurrent Mitochondrial Mutations, and Unique Chromosomal Landscapes

Ian Ganly et al.

CANCER CELL (2018)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Thyroid Autoimmunity and Thyroid Cancer - The Pathogenic Connection: A 2018 Update

Yuji Nagayama

HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Coexistence of TERT Promoter Mutations and the BRAF V600E Alteration and Its Impact on Histopathological Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Selected Series of Polish Patients

Dagmara Rusinek et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2018)

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Review Oncology

Revisiting the role of ABC transporters in multidrug-resistant cancer

Robert W. Robey et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

New Insights in Thyroid Cancer and p53 Family Proteins

Livia Manzella et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2017)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The 2017 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology

Edmund S. Cibas et al.

THYROID (2017)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Review of Factors Related to the Thyroid Cancer Epidemic

Yihao Liu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2017)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Frequency and Significance of Ras, Tert Promoter, and Braf Mutations in Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: A Monocentric Case Series at a Tertiary-Level Endocrinology Unit

Simona Censi et al.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2017)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

European Thyroid Association Guidelines for Ultrasound Malignancy Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules in Adults: The EU-TIRADS

Gilles Russ et al.

EUROPEAN THYROID JOURNAL (2017)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Management of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) side effects in differentiated and medullary thyroid cancer patients

C. Resteghini et al.

BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Molecular profiles of thyroid cancer subtypes: Classification based on features of tissue revealed by mass spectrometry imaging

Monika Pietrowska et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS (2017)

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Article Oncology

NTRK fusion oncogenes in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma in northeast United States

Manju L. Prasad et al.

CANCER (2016)

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Review Oncology

TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer

Rengyun Liu et al.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2016)

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Article Oncology

Prevalence and phenotypic correlations of EIF1AX mutations in thyroid nodules

Arivarasan Karunamurthy et al.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2016)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Advances in the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer: lessons from the cancer genome

Garcilaso Riesco-Eizaguirre et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2016)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Genomic and transcriptomic hallmarks of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers

Inigo Lancia et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2016)

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Review Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Ultrasonography Diagnosis and Imaging-Based Management of Thyroid Nodules: Revised Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Consensus Statement and Recommendations

Jung Hee Shin et al.

KOREAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY (2016)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Thyroid cancer

Maria E. Cabanillas et al.

LANCET (2016)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Biologic and Clinical Perspectives on Thyroid Cancer

James A. Fagin et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2016)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Bryan R. Haugen et al.

THYROID (2016)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Comprehensive Analysis of the Transcriptional and Mutational Landscape of Follicular and Papillary Thyroid Cancers

Seong-Keun Yoo et al.

PLOS GENETICS (2016)

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Review Surgery

BRAF V600E mutation in prognostication of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) recurrence

Agnieszka Czarniecka et al.

GLAND SURGERY (2016)

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Article Oncology

Subgroup analysis of Japanese patients in a phase 3 study of lenvatinib in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer

Naomi Kiyota et al.

CANCER SCIENCE (2015)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Revised American Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

Samuel A. Wells et al.

THYROID (2015)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

Implications of the TCGA Genomic Characterization of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma for Thyroid Pathology: Does Follicular Variant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Exist?

Sylvia L. Asa et al.

THYROID (2015)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer

Henning Dralle et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2015)

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Article Oncology

ETV6-NTRK3 Is a Common Chromosomal Rearrangement in Radiation-Associated Thyroid Cancer

Rebecca J. Leeman-Neill et al.

CANCER (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Integrated Genomic Characterization of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Nishant Agrawal et al.

CELL (2014)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Pax-8-PPAR-γ fusion protein in thyroid carcinoma

Priyadarshini Raman et al.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Identification of a Recurrent STRN/ALK Fusion in Thyroid Carcinomas

Gaelle Perot et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

PAX8/PPARγ Rearrangement in Thyroid Nodules Predicts Follicular-Pattern Carcinomas, in Particular the Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Carcinoma

Michaele J. Armstrong et al.

THYROID (2014)

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Review Oncology

Treatment strategies for radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer

Francis Worden

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (2014)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Progress in molecular-based management of differentiated thyroid cancer

Mingzhao Xing et al.

LANCET (2013)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Evidence of a Low Prevalence of RAS Mutations in a Large Medullary Thyroid Cancer Series

Raffaele Ciampi et al.

THYROID (2013)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting with Gross Extrathyroidal Extension: 1986-2009 Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Experience

Tihana Ibrahimpasic et al.

THYROID (2013)

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Review Oncology

Molecular pathogenesis and mechanisms of thyroid cancer

Mingzhao Xing

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2013)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

BMI, Diet and Female Reproductive Factors as Risks for Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review

Emily Peterson et al.

PLOS ONE (2012)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

2012 European Thyroid Association Guidelines for Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer

M. Schlumberger et al.

EUROPEAN THYROID JOURNAL (2012)

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Article Oncology

Anaplastic Thyroid Cancers Harbor Novel Oncogenic Mutations of the ALK Gene

Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2011)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Molecular genetics and diagnosis of thyroid cancer

Yuri E. Nikiforov et al.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2011)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Akt1 deficiency delays tumor progression, vascular invasion, and distant metastasis in a murine model of thyroid cancer

M. Saji et al.

ONCOGENE (2011)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Identification and functional characterization of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations in thyroid cancer

Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2010)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Identification of several novel non-p.R132 IDH1 variants in thyroid carcinomas

Jefferson Pessoa Hemerly et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2010)

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Review Oncology

Thyroid cancer gender disparity

Reza Rahbari et al.

FUTURE ONCOLOGY (2010)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

BRAFV600E Mutation Analysis in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Specimens for Evaluation of Thyroid Nodule: A Large Series in a BRAFV600E-Prevalent Population

Sun Wook Kim et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2010)

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Article Surgery

Multiple Genetic Alterations in Papillary Thyroid Cancer are Associated with Younger Age at Presentation

Willieford Moses et al.

JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH (2010)

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Article Oncology

Mutational Profile of Advanced Primary and Metastatic Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancers Reveals Distinct Pathogenetic Roles for BRAF, PIK3CA, and AKT1

Julio C. Ricarte-Filho et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2009)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Very high prevalence of thyroid nodules detected by high frequency (13 MHz) ultrasound examination

S. Guth et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2009)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

An Ultrasonogram Reporting System for Thyroid Nodules Stratifying Cancer Risk for Clinical Management

Eleonora Horvath et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2009)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Epidemiology of thyroid nodules

Diana S. Dean et al.

BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2008)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Highly prevalent genetic alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in anaplastic and follicular thyroid cancers

Zhi Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2008)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiation - Multicenter retrospective study

Won-Jin Moon et al.

RADIOLOGY (2008)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Survival and death causes in differentiated thyroid carcinoma

CFA Eustatia-Rutten et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2006)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration of thyroid incidentaloma: correlation with pathological findings

IS Nam-Goong et al.

CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY (2004)

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Article Surgery

Increasing the effectiveness of radioactive iodine therapy in the treatment of thyroid cancer using Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor

R Zarnegar et al.

SURGERY (2002)

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