4.7 Article

Brainstem and Cortical Spreading Depolarization in a Closed Head Injury Rat Model

期刊

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111642

关键词

cortical spreading depolarization; electrocorticography; traumatic brain injury; brainstem; oxidative stress

资金

  1. Canadian Institute for Health Research [PJT 148896]
  2. U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity Office, 820 Chandler Street, Fort Detrick MD [21702-5014]
  3. office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, through the Epilepsy Research Program [W81XWH-17-1-0684]
  4. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG DR 323/5-1, DFG DR 323/10-1]
  5. European Commission [602150]
  6. BMBF Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung
  7. BMBF [01EW2004]
  8. CIHR [NDD-168164]
  9. Mitacs Accelerate [IT13603]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Traumatic brain injury is a major health concern that can lead to long-lasting complications, with immediate electrophysiological events including cortical spreading depolarization and increased oxidative stress. Severe TBI may result in immediate death, but not all animals exhibit this outcome, with some showing non-spreading depression followed by terminal spreading depression in both cortex and brainstem.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death in young individuals, and is a major health concern that often leads to long-lasting complications. However, the electrophysiological events that occur immediately after traumatic brain injury, and may underlie impact outcomes, have not been fully elucidated. To investigate the electrophysiological events that immediately follow traumatic brain injury, a weight-drop model of traumatic brain injury was used in rats pre-implanted with epidural and intracerebral electrodes. Electrophysiological (near-direct current) recordings and simultaneous alternating current recordings of brain activity were started within seconds following impact. Cortical spreading depolarization (SD) and SD-induced spreading depression occurred in approximately 50% of mild and severe impacts. SD was recorded within three minutes after injury in either one or both brain hemispheres. Electrographic seizures were rare. While both TBI- and electrically induced SDs resulted in elevated oxidative stress, TBI-exposed brains showed a reduced antioxidant defense. In severe TBI, brainstem SD could be recorded in addition to cortical SD, but this did not lead to the death of the animals. Severe impact, however, led to immediate death in 24% of animals, and was electrocorticographically characterized by non-spreading depression (NSD) of activity followed by terminal SD in both cortex and brainstem.

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