Targeting AhR as a Novel Therapeutic Modality against Inflammatory Diseases

For decades, activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) was excluded from consideration as a therapeutic approach due to the potential toxic effects of AhR ligands and the induction of the cytochrome P450 enzyme, Cyp1a1, following AhR activation. However, it is now understood that AhR activation not only serves as an environmental sensor that regulates the effects of environmental toxins, but also as a key immunomodulator where ligands induce a variety of cellular and epigenetic mechanisms to attenuate inflammation. Thus, the emergence of further in-depth research into diverse groups of compounds capable of activating this receptor has prompted reconsideration of its use therapeutically. The aim of this review is to summarize the body of research surrounding AhR and its role in regulating inflammation. Specifically, evidence supporting the potential of targeting this receptor to modulate the immune response in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases will be highlighted. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges of developing AhR-based therapies to suppress inflammation will be discussed.

Automated summary

Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) was previously excluded from therapeutic approaches due to potential toxic effects and induction of Cyp1a1 enzyme. However, it is now understood that AhR activation functions as an environmental sensor and immunomodulator, attenuating inflammation. This review summarizes research on AhR and its role in regulating inflammation, highlighting its potential in immune response modulation for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The opportunities and challenges of developing AhR-based therapies to suppress inflammation are also discussed.