Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a literature review and meta-analysis

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Merryn Voysey et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been shown to have an acceptable safety profile and effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, with higher efficacy observed in the group that received a low dose followed by a standard dose.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting

Noa Dagan et al.

Summary: A study conducted in Israel on nearly 600,000 individuals showed that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was effective in reducing the risk of infection, hospitalization, and severe Covid-19. The effectiveness in preventing death was 72% during the period from day 14 through day 20 after the first dose, and hospitalization was reduced by 87% for the period 7 or more days after the second dose, similar to results from a randomized trial.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

The initial impact of a national BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine rollout

Ahmed Zaqout et al.

Summary: This study in Qatar examined the impact of early BNT162b2 vaccine rollout on SARS-CoV-2 infections, showing a significant decrease in infection rates and severe cases after 15 days post-vaccination, demonstrating the protective effect of the vaccine against various degrees of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positive tests and vaccination in Veterans Affairs Community Living Centers

James L. Rudolph et al.

Summary: The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positive tests significantly declined in VA Community Living Centers (CLCs) 4 weeks after vaccine delivery and continued to decline in vaccinated and unvaccinated residents. The results highlight the importance of surveillance and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in nursing home residents.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: an observational study using national surveillance data

Eric J. Haas et al.

Summary: This study assessed the real-world effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 in Israel, showing high efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, severe disease, and death. As vaccine coverage increased, there were marked declines in SARS-CoV-2 outcomes, indicating that COVID-19 vaccination can help control the pandemic.

LANCET (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Spread of a Variant SARS-CoV-2 in Long-Term Care Facilities in England

Maria Krutikov et al.

Summary: Between October and December 2020, a new SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.1.7) rapidly spread across England, including in long-term care facilities.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants

Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant

S. A. Madhi et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not provide significant protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 caused by the B.1.351 variant, with an efficacy of 10.4%. The incidence of serious adverse events was balanced between the vaccine and placebo groups.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines: From clinical trials toreal life

Dominique Deplanque et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to rapid vaccine development, with most vaccines proving to be safe and effective in clinical trials. These vaccines have shown overall efficacy in reducing the severity of the disease and potentially impacting mortality rates, which could change the course of the pandemic.

THERAPIE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study

Jamie Lopez Bernal et al.

Summary: This study estimated the real-world effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 and Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S vaccines against confirmed COVID-19 symptoms, hospital admissions, and deaths. The vaccines showed significant reduction in symptomatic COVID-19 among older adults and further protection against severe disease. Both vaccines demonstrated similar effects and protection was maintained for over 6 weeks.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

Matthew J. Page et al.

Summary: The PRISMA statement was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report the purpose, methods, and findings of their reviews. The updated PRISMA 2020 statement includes new reporting guidance, a 27-item checklist, an abstract checklist, and revised flow diagrams for reviews.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Among Residents of Two Skilled Nursing Facilities Experiencing COVID-19 Outbreaks - Connecticut, December 2020-February 2021

Amadea Britton et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

BNT162b2 vaccine breakthrough: clinical characteristics of 152 fully vaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Israel

Tal Brosh-Nissimov et al.

Summary: A study in Israel showed that a minority of fully vaccinated individuals with significant comorbidities may still develop severe COVID-19, with a high mortality rate. Further research on this vulnerable population may help improve their protection.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Vaccine effectiveness of the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of long-term care facilities in England (VIVALDI): a prospective cohort study

Madhumita Shrotri et al.

Summary: Single-dose vaccination with BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines provides substantial protection against infection in older adults from 4-7 weeks after vaccination and might reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, the risk of infection is not eliminated, highlighting the ongoing need for non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent transmission in long-term care facilities.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Chile

Alejandro Jara et al.

Summary: A study in Chile involving 10.2 million participants assessed the effectiveness of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine developed in China. Fully immunized individuals had vaccine effectiveness of 65.9% for preventing Covid-19 and 87.5% for preventing hospitalization, 90.3% for preventing ICU admission, and 86.3% for preventing death.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Evaluation of post-introduction COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness: Summary of interim guidance of the World Health Organization

Minal K. Patel et al.

Summary: Phase 3 randomized-controlled trials have shown promising results for COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, but questions remain due to short follow-up during trials, strict eligibility criteria, emerging variants, and changing epidemiology. Post-introduction vaccine effectiveness evaluations are crucial for addressing unanswered questions and informing evolving vaccine policy, including assessing duration, effectiveness in key populations, and against emerging variants. WHO has developed interim best practice guidance for COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness evaluations, covering study designs, outcomes, biases, surveillance platforms, and reporting recommendations.

VACCINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Interpreting vaccine efficacy trial results for infection and transmission

Marc Lipsitch et al.

Summary: Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of various vaccines against COVID-19, with recent studies also showing effectiveness against infection and transmission. By estimating viral positivity, a measure of prevalence, vaccine effectiveness against transmission can be assessed, providing a lower bound. These methods can be translated into observational studies to further evaluate vaccine effectiveness.

VACCINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in older adults during a gamma variant associated epidemic of covid-19 in Brazil: test negative case-control study

Otavio Ranzani et al.

Summary: The study evaluates the effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in the elderly population aged >= 70 years in Sao Paulo state, Brazil during widespread circulation of the gamma variant. The vaccine was found to significantly reduce the risk of symptomatic covid-19, hospital admissions, and deaths after completion of the two-dose regimen, but the effectiveness decreases with age among the elderly population.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Immunology

BNT162b2 Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Asymptomatic Infection With SARS-CoV-2 Virus: A Nationwide Historical Cohort Study

Galia Zacay et al.

Summary: A real-world observational study found that vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine has an effectiveness of 89% in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among individuals who underwent frequent PCR testing, the vaccination significantly reduced the positive test rate after receiving two doses of the vaccine.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Assessment of Effectiveness of 1 Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 Infection 13 to 24 Days After Immunization

Gabriel Chodick et al.

Summary: The short-term effectiveness of the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection 13 to 24 days after immunization in a real-world setting was assessed, showing comparable results to the phase III randomized clinical trial.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal