Spiky titanium dioxide nanoparticles-loaded Plantaginis Semen polysaccharide as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses

The purpose of this study was to prepare spiky titanium dioxide nanoparticles-loaded Plantaginis Semen polysaccharide (SN-TiO2-PSP), and the structural characterization and immune response of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccine in Hetian chickens were investigated. The structural characterization of SN-TiO2-PSP was analyzed by FT-IR, TEM, and TGA analysis. And the immune organs indexes, lymphocytes proliferation, specific antibody levels, and ratios of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were studied. Structural characterization results showed that SN-TiO2-PSP has a typical polysaccharide absorption peak and good stability. The SN-TiO2-PSP's shape was similar to sea urchin, and its zeta potential and particle size were 27.56 mV and 976.11 nm, respectively. In vivo results showed that SN-TiO2-PSP could enhance the proliferation of peripheral lymphocytes, specific antibody levels, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes ratios, IL-4 and INF-gamma levels in Hetian chickens vaccinated with ILT vaccine on D-7, D-14, D-21, and D-28. In addition, SN-TiO2-PSP not only enhanced the indexes of immune organs but also promoted the development of immune organs. Therefore, SN-TiO2-PSP has immune adjuvant activity and may become a new potential immune adjuvant.

Automated summary

This study aimed to prepare spiky titanium dioxide nanoparticles-loaded Plantaginis Semen polysaccharide (SN-TiO2-PSP) and investigate the structural characterization and immune response in Hetian chickens vaccinated with infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccine. The results showed that SN-TiO2-PSP could enhance immune response by increasing lymphocytes proliferation, specific antibody levels, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes ratios, and cytokine levels in vaccinated chickens. Therefore, SN-TiO2-PSP has immune adjuvant activity and potential for future applications.