Identification and the immunological role of two Nimrod family genes in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

In animals, immune signaling pathways and effector molecules participate in attenuating microbial infection. Recent work has shown that the Nimrod family proteins can directly bind to bacteria, and this binding leads to bacterial phagocytosis. Although the Nimrod gene family has been reported in many non-drosophilids, their functions remain unexplored in most insect species. Here, we report two members (Nimrod-B and Draper) of the Nimrod gene family from Bombyx mori and analyzed their role in immunity. The two genes were ubiquitously expressed in the tested tissues; but, they transcribed preferentially in immune tissues. The developmental profiles showed that BmNimrod-B and BmDraper transcription levels were highest in the pupal stages. Challenge with microbial pathogens induced the transcription levels of all two genes at different time points. Knockdown of BmDraper decreased the bacterial clearance and increased their replication relative to the control group, whereas, BmNimrod-B suppression had a non-significant effect on them. Furthermore, the mortality rate was increased after BmDraper silencing. The knockdown of these genes did not significantly affect the production of antimicrobial peptides following E. coli infection. Taken together, the Nimrod family genes play a crucial role in host defense by positively regulating the antibacterial immune response in silkworm B. mori.

Automated summary

The Nimrod family genes play a crucial role in host defense by positively regulating the antibacterial immune response in silkworm B. mori. Knockdown of BmDraper decreased bacterial clearance and increased replication, contributing to increased mortality rates, while knockdown of BmNimrod-B had no significant effect on these outcomes. The genes did not significantly affect the production of antimicrobial peptides following E. coli infection.