Hepatitis C virus in people with serious mental illness: an analysis of the care cascade at a tertiary health service with a pilot 'identify and treat' strategy

Background People with serious mental illness (SMI) are underserved from a hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and treatment perspective. Aims To examine the HCV care cascade in people with SMI and to pilot a supported HCV treatment integration programme. Methods HCV prevalence was retrospectively analysed from 4492 consecutive individuals admitted to a tertiary hospital mental health service between January 2017 and December 2018. Subcohort analysis of screening patterns and predictors of seropositive infection was performed. Referral pathways and community care integration were analysed for HCV-positive individuals, and a prospective community-based 'identify and treat' HCV programme was assessed. Results Screening for HCV had been performed in 18.6% (835/4492) of the cohort. Seroprevalence was 4.6% (207/4492). HCV seropositivity was associated with age >40 years (odds ratio (OR) = 9.30; confidence interval (CI) 3.69-23.45; P < 0.01), injecting drug use (OR = 24.26; CI 8.99-65.43; P < 0.01) and previous incarceration (OR = 12.26; CI 4.51-33.31; P < 0.01). In a cohort of treatment-eligible individuals, 43.3% (90/208) had neither been referred to specialist services or general practitioners for HCV management. Amongst those referred to specialist services, 64.7% (57/88) did not attend scheduled follow up, and 48.3% (15/31) of attendees were lost to follow up. Through an intensified community access programme, 10 people were successfully treated for HCV, although 22 could not be engaged. Conclusion People with SMI are underserved by traditional models of HCV healthcare. Intensified community-based support can partially bolster the treatment cascade, although investment in innovative screening and management strategies are required to achieve healthcare parity.

Automated summary

People with serious mental illness are not receiving adequate screening and treatment for hepatitis C virus. The study found that intensified community-based support can partially improve treatment outcomes, but investment in innovative screening and management strategies is needed to achieve healthcare parity.