Ultrasound assisted deep eutectic solvent based liquid phase microextraction for the preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of amaranth (E123) in water and food samples

A novel and easy environmental deep eutectic solvent based liquid phase microextraction method has been developed for the separation-preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of amaranth. The deep eutectic solvent system is composed of tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBABr) and decanoic acid (DA). 300 mu L of emulsifying agent tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 600 mu L of deep eutectic solvent (DES) were employed. Quantitative recoveries were obtained at pH 5.0, sonication and centrifugation times of two minutes, and a model solution volume of 20 mL. The amaranth concentration was measured in a micro-cuvette spectrophotometer at 520 nm. The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and preconcentration factor (PF) were 23 mu g/L, 76 mu g/L, and 33.3, respectively. The presented microextraction method has been validated by analyzing food and water samples by the method of standard addition.

Automated summary

A novel liquid phase microextraction method based on environmental-friendly deep eutectic solvent has been developed for the separation-preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of amaranth. The method provides quantitative recoveries with high sensitivity and accuracy, making it suitable for analyzing food and water samples.