SpectralFormer: Rethinking Hyperspectral Image Classification With Transformers

Hyperspectral (HS) images are characterized by approximately contiguous spectral information, enabling the fine identification of materials by capturing subtle spectral discrepancies. Due to their excellent locally contextual modeling ability, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been proven to be a powerful feature extractor in HS image classification. However, CNNs fail to mine and represent the sequence attributes of spectral signatures well due to the limitations of their inherent network backbone. To solve this issue, we rethink HS image classification from a sequential perspective with transformers and propose a novel backbone network called SpectralFormer. Beyond bandwise representations in classic transformers, SpectralFormer is capable of learning spectrally local sequence information from neighboring bands of HS images, yielding groupwise spectral embeddings. More significantly, to reduce the possibility of losing valuable information in the layerwise propagation process, we devise a cross-layer skip connection to convey memory-like components from shallow to deep layers by adaptively learning to fuse soft residuals across layers. It is worth noting that the proposed SpectralFormer is a highly flexible backbone network, which can be applicable to both pixelwise and patchwise inputs. We evaluate the classification performance of the proposed SpectralFormer on three HS datasets by conducting extensive experiments, showing the superiority over classic transformers and achieving a significant improvement in comparison with state-of-the-art backbone networks. The codes of this work will be available at https://github.com/danfenghong/IEEE_TGRS_SpectralFormer for the sake of reproducibility.

Automated summary

The article introduces a novel HS image classification network called SpectralFormer, which utilizes the transformers framework to learn spectral sequence information, achieving better classification performance than traditional methods and exhibiting high flexibility.