期刊
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
卷 21, 期 23, 页码 27106-27115出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3123243
关键词
Sensors; Heart rate; Heart rate variability; Electrocardiography; Biomedical monitoring; Monitoring; Skin; Deep learning; heart rate monitoring; multimodal photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing
资金
- University of Sydney Cardiovascular Initiative Funding
- Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Award by the Australian Government [DE200100479]
- Australian Research Council [DE200100479] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
This study introduces a multimodal heart rate and phase sensing device, along with a deep learning model that can accurately derive heart rate by fusing multi-channel data. Experimental results demonstrate improved accuracy in heart rate measurements under different activities like stationary, walking, and running.
Photoplethysmography (PPG) provides a non-invasive method to detect heart rate but, due to inherent noise, fails to accurately and reliably capture the true heartbeat waveform and phase needed by many cardiac activity monitoring applications such as measuring heart rate variability and blood pressure. In this work, we contribute 1) a multimodal heart rate and phase sensing device which is capable of capturing data from 17 channels including PPG, Accelerometer and Gyro at a high sampling rate of 500Hz, with a new pressure-sensing channel at 80Hz; and 2) a deep learning model to fuse multi-channel data to derive heart rate (HR) with high accuracy compared to ground truth from a reference electrocardiography (ECG) signal. We showed the sensors', channels' and locations' contribution separately toward heart rate measurement and identified a preferred site for HR detection. We demonstrated the improved HR measurement on 21 healthy participants under three different activities, namely, stationary, walking and running. Our system achieved a stationary average absolute error (AAE) of 0.47bpm, 0.79bpm (walking) and 0.89bpm (running). The respective single heartbeat standard deviations were 28.43ms, 40.3ms and 34.14ms relative to an electrocardiography (ECG) detected R-peak. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to show that attachment pressure changes of a PPG sensor improved measurement accuracy by 8.0ms (25.6%).
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