期刊
HUMAN MUTATION
卷 43, 期 1, 页码 42-55出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/humu.24300
关键词
GGCX; MGP; PXE-like; UCMA; GRP; VKCFD1
资金
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [CZ-245, OL-100-6-1]
- Baxalta US Inc. [IIR-DEU-001553]
Research has shown that certain GGCX gene variants causing significantly reduced gamma-carboxylation of Gla-rich protein (GRP) are reported in patients with skin laxity. However, reduced levels of gamma-carboxylated Matrix Gla protein (MGP) are not exclusive for causing skeletal dysmorphologies in VKCFD1 patients.
gamma-Glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) catalyzes the gamma-carboxylation of 15 different vitamin K dependent (VKD) proteins. Pathogenic variants in GGCX cause a rare hereditary bleeding disorder called Vitamin K dependent coagulation factor deficiency type 1 (VKCFD1). In addition to bleedings, some VKCFD1 patients develop skin laxity and skeletal dysmorphologies. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these non-hemorrhagic phenotypes remain elusive. Therefore, we have analyzed 20 pathogenic GGCX variants on their ability to gamma-carboxylate six non-hemostatic VKD proteins in an in vitro assay, where GGCX variants were expressed in GGCX(-/-) cells and levels of gamma-carboxylated co-expressed VKD proteins were detected by a functional ELISA. We observed that GGCX variants causing markedly reduced gamma-carboxylation of Gla rich protein (GRP) in vitro were reported in patients with skin laxity. Reduced levels of gamma-carboxylated Matrix gla protein (MGP) are not exclusive for causing skeletal dysmorphologies in VKCFD1 patients. In silico docking of vitamin K hydroquinone on a GGCX model revealed a binding site, which was validated by in vitro assays. GGCX variants affecting this site result in disability to gamma-carboxylate VKD proteins and hence are involved in the most severe phenotypes. This genotype-phenotype analysis will help to understand the development of non-hemorrhagic phenotypes and hence improve treatment in VKCFD1 patients.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据