4.6 Article

The responses of harmful dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi to simulated ocean acidification at the transcriptional level

期刊

HARMFUL ALGAE
卷 111, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102167

关键词

Toxic dinoflagellates; Karenia mikimotoi; Ocean acidification; RNA-seq

资金

  1. Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LY21D060006]
  2. Research Program of Wenzhou Science & Technology Bureau [N20190011]
  3. National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program [202010343016]
  4. Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Plan Research and Xinmiao Talent Program [2019R413023]
  5. Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology
  6. Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Medical Technology
  7. Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Biology [437201703G/009]

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This study investigated the transcriptional response of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi to simulated ocean acidification (OA). It was found that under OA conditions, the physiological parameters and transcriptomes of the dinoflagellate were altered, with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes and key genes involved in energy metabolism, enhancing the ability to cope with low pH stress. Additionally, the study revealed that K. mikimotoi showed tolerance to ocean acidification.
The HAB-forming, toxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi, previously found to benefit from ocean acidification (OA), was cultivated to investigate its transcriptional response to simulated OA for 30 generations. Batch cultures were grown under two CO2 concentrations, 450 (control) and 1100 (simulated OA) mu atm, and physiological parameters [growth, pigments, catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity], as well as transcriptomes (obtained via RNA-seq), were compared. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoid (Caro) contents, as well as CAT and GR activities, were significantly increased under OA conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 2,490 differentially expressed unigenes in response to OA, which comprised 1.54% of all unigenes. A total of 1,121 unigenes were upregulated, and 1,369 unigenes were downregulated in OA compared to control conditions. The downregulated expression of bicarbonate transporter and carbonic anhydrase genes was a landmark of OA acclimation. Key genes involved in energy metabolism, e.g., photosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and nitrogen metabolism, were highly upregulated under OA, contributing to increases in the Chl a (55.05%) and Caro (28.37%). The enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (i.e. CAT, GR) and upregulated genes (i.e. glutathione peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, heat shock protein, 20S proteasome, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and apolipoprotein) benefit cells against the potential lower pH stress condition under OA. In addition, the downregulation of four genes associated with motility suggested that the preserved energy could further boost growth. In conclusion, the present study suggests that K. mikimotoi exhibits efficient gene expression regulation for the utilization of energy and resistance to OA-induced stress. Taken together, K. mikimotoi appeared as a tolerant species in response to OA. Thus, more extensive algal blooms that threaten marine organisms are likely in the future. These findings expand current knowledge on the gene expression of HAB-forming species in response to future OA.

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