期刊
GLIA
卷 70, 期 5, 页码 808-819出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/glia.24121
关键词
astrocytes; circadian clock; circuit; heterogeneity; rodents; suprachiasmatic nucleus
资金
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [AS547-1/1]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [2016/19084-8, 2019/09183-7]
- FUNDACION RAMON ARECES [CIVP9A5928]
- IBRO -LARC Exchange Fellowships
- Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) [001]
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation
- Fundacion Ramon Areces
- [MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033]
- [PID2019-105218RB-I00]
Astrocytes have gained importance in building brain circuits and regulating complex behavior alongside neurons. The circadian system synchronizes physiological processes in mammals such as sleep-wake cycle and cognition. Recent breakthrough discoveries have implicated astrocytes as essential time-keepers in addition to neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Since the early observations made by Santiago Ramon y Cajal more than a century ago till now, astrocytes have gradually gained protagonism as essential partners of neurons in building brain circuits that regulate complex behavior. In mammals, processes such as sleep-wake cycle, locomotor activity, cognition and memory consolidation, homeostatic and hedonic appetite and stress response (among others), are synchronized in 24-h rhythms by the circadian system. In such a way, physiology efficiently anticipates and adapts to daily recurring changes in the environment. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is considered the central pacemaker, it has been traditionally described as a nucleus of around 10,000 neurons nearly all GABAergic able to be entrained by light and to convey time information through multiple neuronal and hormonal pathways. Only recently, this neuro-centered view was challenged by breakthrough discoveries implicating astrocytes as essential time-keepers. In the present review, we will describe the current view on the SCN circuit and discuss whether astrocytic functions described in other brain regions and state-of-the-art experimental approaches, could help explaining better those well- and not so well-known features of the central pacemaker.
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