期刊
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 49, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2021GL096191
关键词
Arctic amplificantion; cloud feedback; ice nucleation; climate models; satellite
资金
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [714062, 758005]
- Norwegian Research Council [295046]
- Fulbright Student Research Grant
- European Research Council (ERC) [714062, 758005] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
This study highlights the importance of mixed-phase clouds in Arctic warming and the challenges of accurately representing them in climate models. By adjusting model microphysical variables to match cloud phase metrics, researchers were able to produce Arctic-constrained model runs and evaluate cloud feedbacks. The results suggest that mixed-phase processes play a key role in mediating the Arctic climate response to warming.
Mixed-phase clouds play an important role in determining Arctic warming, but are parametrized in models and difficult to constrain with observations. We use two satellite-derived cloud phase metrics to investigate the vertical structure of Arctic clouds in two global climate models that use the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) atmospheric component. We report a model error limiting ice nucleation, produce a set of Arctic-constrained model runs by adjusting model microphysical variables to match the cloud phase metrics, and evaluate cloud feedbacks for all simulations. Models in this small ensemble uniformly overestimate total cloud fraction in the summer, but have variable representation of cloud fraction and phase in the winter and spring. By relating modeled cloud phase metrics and changes in low-level liquid cloud amount under warming to longwave cloud feedback, we show that mixed-phase processes mediate the Arctic climate by modifying how wintertime and springtime clouds respond to warming.
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