期刊
GEOMORPHOLOGY
卷 403, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108173
关键词
Basin-scale analysis; Flood magnitude; Sediment connectivity; Coupled debris flow; Channel widening and elevation changes in the river corridor; DEM of difference (DoD)
资金
- CoupEvent: Hillslope -Channel coupling during extreme events in South Tyrol - Autonomous Province of Bozen-Bolzano (Bandi per la mobilita di ricercatrici e ricercatori 2019)
- Italian National Research Council [DTA.AD003.474]
- UE EFRE-FESR 2014-2020 program
- project CoupEvent
Coupling of hillslopes processes with the channel network during extreme events plays a vital role in river dynamics in mountain environments. This study investigates the impacts of lateral sediment connectivity on channel response and sediment export using Stolla Creek as a case study.
In mountain environments, the coupling of hillslopes processes with the channel network during extreme events is of great importance for rivers dynamics, as debris flows and landslides are among the most important sources of sediments. The Stolla Creek (40 km(2) drainage area, South Tyrol, Italy) is a confined and partly confined mountain channel that was affected by an extreme flood in August 2017, followed by a smaller event in August 2020. The geomorphic effects of the two floods were investigated both in the main channel and over the entire basin with the aim to assess the impacts of the lateral sediment connectivity to the channel response and to the event-scale sediment export.An integrated approach was applied, including radar rainfall estimation, hydrologic-hydraulic analysis, analysis of morphological changes and sediment delivery to the stream network. Hillslope and channel processes were mapped and characterized by using geomorphological analysis of multitemporal orthophotos and Digital Terrain Models. Debris-flow connectivity to the main channel was derived by combining field evidence and GISbased analysis.The 2017 flood was caused by rainfall with a short duration (6 h) and a rainfall intensity exceeding 45 mm/h. More than 600 debris flows were triggered in the Stolla basin, and the main channel experienced widening (width ratio between 1.3 and 4.9) through bank erosion and overbank deposition. Widening was accompanied by aggradation in the river corridor up to 1.2 m or incision down to-2.2 m. The 2020 flood was characterized by lower rainfall intensity (max 17 mm/h) and a longer duration (48 h), and debris flows were not triggered. The moderate magnitude of the 2020 flood peak did not lead to channel widening, but marked bed incision (up to-1.4 m) occurred in the reaches where aggradation took place during the 2017 event. In both flood events, limited volumes of sediments were exported from the catchment outlet.Overall, our results highlight how structural connectivity at the basin scale determines the potential sediment cascades linking hillslopes to channels but time-varying functional connectivity - driven by hydrological drivers as rainfall intensities and durations - eventually control the actual sediment transport effectiveness both on hillslopes and along the channel.
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