Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Multiscale Fractures and Multiphase Flow in Heterogeneous Unconventional Reservoirs with Coupled Fractal Characteristics

A simulated reservoir model, based on the permeability fractal model and three-dimensional (3D) Gaussian filter, was established to account for in-layer and interlayer heterogeneity so that the result conforms to the law of geological statistics. Combined with an embedded discrete fracture method (EDFM), a multiscale fracture system was established, forming the numerical simulation method of multiphase flow in horizontal wells in heterogeneous reservoirs with complex fractures. The heterogeneity and saturation of the reservoir mixed five-point pattern of vertical and horizontal wells and the injection and production of horizontal wells were discussed. The results show that it is difficult to characterize complex reservoirs using a homogeneous permeability model. Thus, it is best to use a heterogeneous model that considers permeability differences in tight reservoirs. Formation fluids coexist in multiple phases, and water saturation has a direct effect on the production. Thus, a multiphase flow model is needed and can play a greater role in injection and production technology. The mixed five-point pattern of vertical and horizontal wells can improve productivity to a certain extent, but the dual effects of heterogeneity and fracturing will cause a decline in production by accelerating the communication of injected fluid. The reservoir is heterogeneous between wells, and there are differing effects on adjacent wells. Therefore, near-well natural microfractures are opened because of fracturing in horizontal wells, and the heterogeneity cannot be ignored, especially when multiple wells are simultaneously injected and produced.

Automated summary

The study suggests that it is challenging to characterize complex reservoirs using a homogeneous permeability model, and a heterogeneous model that considers permeability differences in tight reservoirs is preferred. Formation fluids coexist in multiple phases, and water saturation has a direct effect on production.