Modeling of hydrogen shaft injection in ironmaking blast furnaces

Hydrogen, as a carbon-free fuel and reducing agent, has the potential to mitigate carbon dioxide emission in BF ironmaking and the shaft injection is one of the promising and feasible processes; however, its effects on nonrenewable fossil fuels saving in ironmaking process and the in-furnace phenomena are still not clear. In this study, a multi-fluid BF model is adopted to study hydrogen shaft injection's influence on in-furnace phenomena and BF performance, including flow-thermal-chemical behaviors and fossil fuel rate saving. The computational domain includes the industrial-scale BF regions from the slag surface in the hearth to the stock line near the furnace top, and the study is carried out under a fixed bosh gas flow rate. The simulation results show that compared with regular BF operation, hydrogen shaft injection can considerably affect BF performance, including the gas flow field, thermal field, and reduction behaviors. It is found that, as the injection rate increases, the penetration depth of hydrogen shows an increasing trend; the apex of cohesive zone shifts to a higher position with a more concave-shaped profile; moreover, both the reduction degree of iron oxides and thermal conditions in the shaft can be improved, which are accompanied with a significantly decreased fossil fuel rate. This study provides a quantitative tool to understand and optimize the hydrogen shaft injection into BFs towards a lowcarbon ironmaking process.

Automated summary

The study using a multi-fluid BF model investigates the impact of hydrogen shaft injection on BF performance, revealing significant effects on gas flow field, thermal field, and reduction behaviors. With increasing injection rate, hydrogen penetration depth increases, apex of cohesive zone shifts upwards with more concave profile, and both reduction degree of iron oxides and thermal conditions in the shaft improve, leading to a significantly decreased fossil fuel rate.