A Low-Cost Wireless Intelligent Portable Sensor Based on Disposable Laser-Induced Porous Graphene Flexible Electrode Decorated by Gold Nanoshells for Rapid Detection of Sulfonamides in Aquatic Products

We explored a low-cost wireless smart portable sensor based on a disposable laser-induced porous graphene (LIPG) flexible substrate electrode decorated by gold nanoshells (AuNSs) for a simple and rapid electrochemical detection of sulfonamides (SAs). The LIPG was prepared by the one-step computer-controlled laser direct-writing patterning techniques on polyimide (PI) substrate, and the AuNSs were facilely modified onto the surface of LIPG substrate electrode by the drop-coating. The electrode displayed an excellent electrochemical response towards sulfanilamide (SN) in a linear range from 0.4 to 100 mu M with a low limit of detection of 0.035 mu M; recovery ranges from 96.04 to 105.00% in fish and shrimp samples using the traditional large electrochemical workstation. Other three SAs were also detected, and their results were similar with SN. The portable mini electrochemical workstation with the wireless bluetooth transmission displayed better feasibility, practicability, and superiority in the rapid on-site supervision of SAs in food safety in comparison with the traditional large electrochemical workstation with the wire transmission.

Automated summary

In this study, a low-cost wireless smart portable sensor was developed for simple and rapid detection of sulfonamides. By using laser-induced porous graphene and gold nanoshell decoration, the sensor showed excellent electrochemical response and high recovery rate. Compared to traditional large workstations, this portable mini electrochemical workstation with wireless transmission demonstrated higher feasibility and practicality.