期刊
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY
卷 54, 期 2-3, 页码 641-676出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09790-0
关键词
Mars; Plasma; Coordinated multipoint missions; Future missions; Science gaps; ESA-Voyage2050
资金
- UK-STFC [ST/S000429/1]
- Italian Space Agency [ASI-INAF 2019-21-HH.0]
- NASA MAVEN project
- NASA [80NSSC19K0562, NNH10CC04C, NNH16ZDA001N-MDAP, 80NSSC18K0266, 1,560,641]
- ESA Research Fellowship
- State Program of Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- DFG [TE664/4 -1, PA525/24 -1]
- German Space Agency (DLR) [50QM1802]
- Jet Propulsion Laborator
This White Paper discusses key scientific questions about the dynamics of the Martian plasma system and how they could be addressed through coordinated multi-point missions. It presents specific scientific objectives and proposes two mission concepts based on coordinated multi-point science to focus on understanding and solving current science gaps.
The objective of this White Paper, submitted to ESA's Voyage 2050 call, is to get a more holistic knowledge of the dynamics of the Martian plasma system, from its surface up to the undisturbed solar wind outside of the induced magnetosphere. This can only be achieved with coordinated multi-point observations with high temporal resolution as they have the scientific potential to track the whole dynamics of the system (from small to large scales), and they constitute the next generation of the exploration of Mars analogous to what happened at Earth a few decades ago. This White Paper discusses the key science questions that are still open at Mars and how they could be addressed with coordinated multipoint missions. The main science questions are: (i) How does solar wind driving impact the dynamics of the magnetosphere and ionosphere? (ii) What is the structure and nature of the tail of Mars' magnetosphere at all scales? (iii) How does the lower atmosphere couple to the upper atmosphere? (iv) Why should we have a permanent in-situ Space Weather monitor at Mars? Each science question is devoted to a specific plasma region, and includes several specific scientific objectives to study in the coming decades. In addition, two mission concepts are also proposed based on coordinated multi-point science from a constellation of orbiting and ground-based platforms, which focus on understanding and solving the current science gaps.
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