Hepatotoxicity of metronidazole in Cockayne syndrome: A clinical report

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by growth failure and progressive multisystem dysfunction caused by deficient nucleotide excision repair. Whereas metronidazole (MTZ) hepatotoxicity is quite rare in the general population, cases of severe hepatic reaction to MTZ have been reported in CS patients. We report here the case of a 21-year-old CS patient who presented with jaundice following one week of treatment with MTZ combined with spiramycin for dental care. This case is the first one documented with a liver biopsy. Histopathological analysis revealed portal and lobular inflammation with predominance of neutrophils, ballooning degeneration and severe cholestasis without bile duct damage. The outcome was marked by regression of jaundice over 6 weeks. Analysis of this case highlights the probable responsibility of MTZ and adds support to the recommendation to strictly avoid the prescription of this drug in CS patients.

Automated summary

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by growth failure and multisystem dysfunction. A case study reported here presents a 21-year-old CS patient who developed jaundice following treatment with metronidazole (MTZ) combined with spiramycin for dental care. Liver biopsy showed portal and lobular inflammation with severe cholestasis, but no bile duct damage. Jaundice regressed over 6 weeks. This case underscores the importance of strictly avoiding the prescription of MTZ in CS patients.