4.6 Article

Predominant factors limiting the recovery of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in western Mississippi Sound, USA

期刊

ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
卷 264, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107652

关键词

Early recruitment; Eastern oyster; Recruitment limitation; Post-settlement limitation; Substrate limitation; Oyster restoration

资金

  1. U.S. Department of the Treasury
  2. Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality
  3. Mississippi Based RESTORE Act Center of Excellence under the Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012 (RESTORE Act)

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The study found that between 2016 and 2019, the recovery of eastern oysters in western Mississippi Sound was limited by substrate limitation, recruitment limitation, and post-settlement limitation. In 2018, early oyster recruitment was primarily limited by substrate availability, while in 2019, recruitment was severely impacted due to unprecedented freshwater discharge.
In addition to suitable substrate, successful oyster recruitment requires an adequate supply of planktonic larvae, followed by the subsequent survival and growth of early post-settlement stages. Substrate limitation, recruitment limitation and post-settlement limitation each played key roles in limiting the recovery of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1791) within western Mississippi Sound between 2016 and 2019. Effects of a mortality event which eliminated the oyster spawning stock biomass from two major oyster reefs of western Mississippi Sound in 2016 carried over to the 2018 recruitment period. But the supply of larvae from outside the affected reefs was sufficient to provision spat to restored and reference sites within the 2018 study area. Thus, substrate limitation was inferred to be the primary limitation to early oyster recruitment in 2018. Moreover, variability in spat metrics from settlement samples implied potential post-settlement limitation in 2018. Spat density, mortality, size, and inferred growth varied on temporal, subregional, and microhabitat scales. In 2019, oyster spawning stocks were completely decimated throughout the western Mississippi Sound region by unprecedented freshwater discharge from the Bonnet Carre ' spillway. Consequently, early oyster recruitment was effectively eliminated, as evidenced by the lack of spat settlement across the entire oyster metapopulation of western Mississippi Sound. Within the course of a single year, the predominant deterrent to oyster recovery had shifted from substrate limitation to recruitment limitation.

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