Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in patients with epilepsy during COVID-19: A systematic review

Objective: COVID-19 pandemic disease has profound consequences for physical and mental health. In this regard, health care for chronic diseases, especially epilepsy is neglected The purpose of this systematic review study was to investigate the epidemic effect of COVID-19 on increasing the prevalence of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders in people with epilepsy (PWE). Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, Web of science, Scopus, and Psych info databases for studies that estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in PWE during the COVID19 until December 2020. Inclusion criteria included samples of population, with a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy. Results: Irrespective of PWE or people without epilepsy (PWOE), all experienced stress and anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the studies showed that PWE and even PWOE during the pandemic, suffer from depression. The highest rate of depression was attributed to female PWE with financial problems (66.7%) and the lowest rate of depression in PWE was reported in 8.6%. 7.1-71.2% and 28.2% of patients reported sleep disorders and insomnia, respectively. Less than 2% experienced a sleep improvement. Limitations: Due to a large amount of heterogeneities across the results, we could not evaluate the exact rate of prevalence in spite of using effective measures. Conclusions: People with epilepsy were considered as a susceptible group to the impact of the pandemic. Therefore, great attention should be paid to PWE and adequate psychological supports provided in this period to relieve or inhibit risks to mental health in PWE. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to stress, anxiety, and depression in both people with epilepsy and those without epilepsy. Females with epilepsy who have financial problems had the highest rate of depression. Sleep disorders and insomnia were also prevalent among patients, with a small percentage experiencing improvements in sleep quality. It is important to provide adequate psychological support to individuals with epilepsy during this period of increased mental health risks.