期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
卷 29, 期 14, 页码 20731-20751出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17062-9
关键词
Carbon emissions; Human capital; Globalization; EKC hypothesis; GMM
This study found that human capital and political globalization help reduce carbon emissions, while economic, social, and overall globalization decrease environmental quality. The empirical results support the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.
In the last 3 decades, developing economies continuously have increased their manufacturing industries with an impressive growth rate. Rising the trend of globalization, these underdeveloped economies are receiving economic growth at the cost of environmental degradation. In this context, this study investigates the impact of globalization and human capital on carbon emissions (CO2) in the 78 developing economies from 1990 to 2016. Our findings based on robust system generalized method of moments (GMM) indicate that human capital and political globalization significantly reduce environmental degradation while economic, social, and overall globalization decrease the environmental quality. Furthermore, our empirical results support the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. However, globalization (without interactive term with human capital) appears to have no significant association with CO2 emissions, while (with an interactive term) it appears to have a significant negative influence on environmental quality. Moreover, our results are robust to various robustness checks; I have performed for scrutiny the consistency of our findings. This study also offers useful policy implications for stakeholders, policymakers, and governments for promoting environmental sustainability.
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