期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
卷 55, 期 22, 页码 15301-15312出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05838
关键词
Phaeodactylum tricornutum; multiomic; environmental risks; zeolitic imidazolate frameworks; resistance; recovery
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [42077366]
- 111 program [T2017002]
- National Key Research and Development Project [2019YFC1804603]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
This study reveals the significant impacts of ZIFs on algae, showing that the effects are reversible. Different types of ZIFs (such as ZIF-8 and ZIF-67) induce toxicity effects and are internalized differently, while factors related to oxidative phosphorylation are crucial for the persistence of plant toxicity.
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have been developed quickly and have attracted considerable attention for use in the detection and removal of various pollutants. Understanding the environmental risks of ZIFs is a prerequisite to their safe application by industry and new chemical registration by governments; however, the persistence and recovery of toxicity induced by ZIFs remain largely unclear. This study finds that typical ZIFs (e.g., ZIF-8 and ZIF-67) at a concentration of 0.01-1 mg/L induce significant algal growth inhibition, plasmolysis, membrane permeability, chloroplast damage, and chlorophyll biosynthesis, and the above alterations are recoverable. Unexpectedly, a persistent decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) is observed due to the quenching of hydroxyl free radicals. The adverse effects of ZIF-8 are weak and easily alleviated compared with those of ZIF-67. ZIF-8 is internalized mainly by caveolae-mediated endocytosis, while ZIF-67 is internalized mainly by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Omics studies reveal that the downregulation of mRNA associated with oxidative phosphorylation and the inhibition of chlorophyll and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis in mitochondria are related to the persistence of phytotoxicity. These findings highlight the phenomena and mechanisms of the persistence and recovery of phytotoxicity, indicating the need to reconsider the environmental risk assessments of ZIFs.
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