Impact of dust-cloud-radiation interactions on surface albedo: a case study of 'Tiramisu' snow in Urumqi, China

Dust-cloud-surface radiation interactions are a complex nonlinear relation referring to the influences of both atmospheric dust and dust-on-snow on surface albedo. A 'Tiramisu' snow event occurred on 1 December 2018, in Urumqi, China, providing an excellent testbed for exploring the comprehensive effect induced by atmospheric dust and those deposited atop fresh snowpack on surface radiation. A detailed analysis indicates that the decrease of snow albedo by 0.17-0.26 (22%-34%) is contributed by the effects both the dust-cloud interactions and dust-on-snow at synoptic scale in this case. In particular, dust well mixed with ice clouds at altitudes of 2.5-5.5 km disrupted the 'seeder-feeder' structure of clouds and heterogeneous ice nucleation. Dust-induced changes in the low layer of ice clouds (3.3-5.5 km) under a low temperature of -20 degrees C resulted in a 31.8% increase in the ice particle radius and 84.6% increase in the ice water path, which acted to indirectly buffer the incident solar radiation reaching the surface. Dust particles deposited on the snow surface further caused snow darkening since the snow albedo was found to decrease by 11.8%-23.3%. These findings underscore the importance of considering the comprehensive effect of dust-cloud-radiation interactions in the future.

Automated summary

Dust-cloud-surface radiation interactions have complex nonlinear effects on surface albedo. An analysis of a snow event in Urumqi, China, revealed that both the interaction between dust and clouds and dust deposition on snow contributed to a decrease in snow albedo. This study highlighted the importance of considering the comprehensive effect of dust-cloud-radiation interactions in future research.