期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
卷 202, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111644
关键词
Manganese; Lead; Metal mixtures; Neurocognition; Pediatric environmental health
资金
- NIEHS [R01ES016531, R21ES021106, R01 ES02644601A1, R24ES030904, 5P30ES026529-03, P30ES023515, R24ES028522, 2T32ES010957-16]
Exposure to both manganese and lead may result in heightened neurocognitive impacts, particularly at higher levels of hair manganese. These joint exposures could have significant effects on cognitive performance in children, even at blood lead levels below the CDC reference concentration.
Exposure to metal mixtures may lead to health impacts greater than the effects associated with singular exposures. Two common childhood environmental exposures, manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb), are associated with similar adverse neurodevelopmental effects; however, the effects surrounding concurrent exposure to both metals remain unclear. We study the impact of joint exposure to Mn and Pb on cognitive performance in schoolaged children participating in the Communities Actively Researching Exposure Study (CARES) based in East Liverpool, Ohio. Blood Pb levels were measured for each child (geometric mean (GM) = 1.13 mu g/dL, range 0.30 mu g/dL - 6.64 mu g/dL). Mn was measured in participant blood, hair, and toenails with GMs of 10.1 mu g/L, 360 ng/g, 0.974 mu g/g, respectively. Trained team members administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV) to assess intelligence quotient (IQ). The WISC-IV provides scores for Full Scale IQ, Perceptual Reasoning, Processing Speed, Working Memory, and Verbal Comprehension. Interactions between blood Pb and all Mn biomarkers were tested in linear models adjusted for child sex, household income, and serum cotinine. Separate regression models were run for each of the Mn biomarkers. The cohort was comprised of 106 children with a mean age of 8.4 years. Interactions between blood Pb and hair Mn were significant (p < 0.05) for four out of the five IQ domains. The effect of blood Pb on IQ was more pronounced at higher levels of hair and toenail Mn. No significant associations were observed when characterizing the main effect of Mn using blood. Uncovering the health impacts associated with exposure mixtures is critical to understanding the impact of real-life conditions. Our findings suggest that joint exposure to Mn and Pb may produce heightened neurocognitive impacts even at blood Pb levels below the CDC reference concentration of 5 mu g/dL.
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