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Article
Medicine, General & Internal
D. M. Weinreich et al.
Summary: Recent data indicate that complications and death from Covid-19 may be related to high viral loads. In this trial involving nonhospitalized patients, a cocktail of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (REGN-COV2) reduced viral load, with a greater effect in patients with no immune response or high viral load at baseline. Safety outcomes were similar between REGN-COV2 dose groups and the placebo group.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter Chen et al.
Summary: LY-CoV555, a neutralizing antibody, showed promising results in reducing viral load, improving symptoms, and lowering the risk of hospitalization among patients with mild or moderate Covid-19. While one of the doses appeared to accelerate the decline in viral load, others did not show significant effects by day 11.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Xiaoyu Han et al.
Summary: The study found that over one-third of severe COVID-19 patients showed fibrotic-like changes in the lung at 6-month follow-up CT, which were associated with older age, acute respiratory distress syndrome, longer hospital stays, tachycardia, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and higher initial chest CT score.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paul-Albert Koenig et al.
Summary: In this study, new neutralizing nanobodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were developed, showing enhanced neutralizing activity through engineering technology and successfully suppressing the emergence of escape mutants. The findings suggest that nanobodies can neutralize through receptor binding competition and also render virions noninfectious.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qianqian Li et al.
Summary: The 501Y.V2 variants of SARS-CoV-2 with multiple mutations are rapidly spreading from South Africa to other countries, showing reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies and potential compromise of monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. Enhanced infectivity in murine ACE2-overexpressing cells suggests the possibility of transmission to mice.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daming Zhou et al.
Summary: The race to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1, is ongoing as these variants have mutations in the spike protein, potentially leading to immune escape. A structure-function analysis of B.1.351 revealed tighter ACE2 binding and widespread evasion from monoclonal antibody neutralization, particularly driven by the E484K mutation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Noa Dagan et al.
Summary: A study conducted in Israel on nearly 600,000 individuals showed that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was effective in reducing the risk of infection, hospitalization, and severe Covid-19. The effectiveness in preventing death was 72% during the period from day 14 through day 20 after the first dose, and hospitalization was reduced by 87% for the period 7 or more days after the second dose, similar to results from a randomized trial.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Bert Schepens et al.
Summary: Camelid-derived single domain antibodies (VHHs) have potential for neutralizing both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 variants. Researchers have successfully developed a VHH-Fc fusion protein that can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated good antiviral effects in mouse and hamster models.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas G. Davies et al.
Summary: A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged in England, with a higher reproduction number and potential for large resurgences of COVID-19 cases. Without stringent control measures, it is projected that COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in England for the first 6 months of 2021 will exceed those in 2020. The variant has spread globally and exhibited similar transmission increases in Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert Challen et al.
Summary: The study found that the mortality hazard ratio associated with infection with VOC-202012/1 compared with previously circulating variants was 1.64, indicating an increase in deaths from 2.5 to 4.1 per 1000 detected cases in comparatively low risk group of covid-19 patients in the community. This suggests that infection with VOC-202012/1 may lead to substantial additional mortality compared with previously circulating variants, impacting healthcare capacity planning and control policies.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chloe Ackaert et al.
Summary: The study assessed the immunogenicity risk profile of two Nanobodies in phase II clinical trials and found that monomeric Nbs have a low immunogenicity risk profile, indicating their potential for future clinical applications.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xilin Wu et al.
Summary: Neutralizing nanobodies derived from an alpaca immunized with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein show potential therapeutic effects against COVID-19. A trimer of Nbs, Nb-15-NbH-Nb-15, exhibits high neutralization potency against SARS-CoV-2 live virus and variants with a long half-life. Intranasal administration of Nb-15-Nb-H-Nb-15 provides effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in transgenic hACE2 mice for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.
Article
Microbiology
Kei Haga et al.
Summary: The study shows that K-874A effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and reduces virus replication by blocking viral membrane fusion instead of viral attachment. This antibody could be a potential new treatment for preventing reinfection of the virus in COVID-19 patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Summary: Ending the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires global vaccination. New virus strains with mutations impact antibody responses, but some variants are less resistant than others. A monoclonal antibody can neutralize different variants and partially restore neutralization potency for other public antibodies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Teresa R. Wagner et al.
Summary: This study identified inhibitory nanobodies, generated a biparatopic nanobody with significant viral neutralization efficacy, and established a competitive multiplex binding assay for analyzing neutralizing immune responses. This method enables high-throughput screening and detailed analysis of neutralizing immune responses in infected or vaccinated individuals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas G. Davies et al.
Summary: Studies have shown that the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage is more transmissible and may cause more severe illness compared to pre-existing variants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erik Volz et al.
Summary: Genetic and testing data from England indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 has a transmission advantage over other lineages, showing a rapid expansion during autumn 2020. Analysis of S gene target failures (SGTF) in community-based diagnostic PCR testing suggests that B.1.1.7 is more transmissible than non-variant of concern lineages and has a significant transmission advantage, with a reproduction number 50% to 100% higher. Additionally, cases of B.1.1.7 appear to include a larger share of under 20-year-olds compared to non-variant cases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The ability of convalescent sera from individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 and those vaccinated with BNT162b2 to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants B1.1.7 and B.1.351 decreases, but increases after two vaccine doses. The study found that the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants may have acquired partial resistance to neutralizing antibodies generated by natural infection or vaccination, particularly in individuals with low antibody levels. This suggests that the B.1.351 variant may pose a greater risk of infection in immunized individuals.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
S. A. Madhi et al.
Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not provide significant protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 caused by the B.1.351 variant, with an efficacy of 10.4%. The incidence of serious adverse events was balanced between the vaccine and placebo groups.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Britta L. Jewell
LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jan Havlin et al.
Summary: Transplant recipients showed weaker antibody response to mRNA COVID-19 vaccine compared to natural infection, with only a subset of patients demonstrating SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response. Further research is needed to identify the optimal vaccine type and schedule for immunocompromised transplant patients.
JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Talia Kustin et al.
Summary: Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections post-vaccination may be caused by B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 variants, indicating the importance of robust vaccination. Reduced vaccine effectiveness against these variants was observed in the study, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and enhanced vaccination efforts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiandong Huo et al.
Summary: Nanobodies engineered as homotrimers show promising potential in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 viral strains for COVID-19 treatment, especially when administered through respiratory routes. The study characterizes four nanobodies with high affinity for the receptor binding domain of the spike protein, demonstrating efficacy in inhibiting disease progression in animal models.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthias Becker et al.
Summary: This study characterizes the antibody response from vaccinated, infected, and uninfected individuals against emerging variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2, indicating reduced neutralization of a South African isolate. High IgG titers in the saliva of vaccinees suggest reduced transmission potential.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Shin Jie Yong
Summary: Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome is a poorly understood condition that affects survivors with symptoms like fatigue, dyspnoea, cognitive impairments, and more. The pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments are still lacking in literature, but potential treatments may include rehabilitation training and repurposed drugs from similar conditions. Further research is needed to substantiate risk factors and treatment options.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Petra Mlcochova et al.
Summary: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has lower sensitivity to antibodies and higher replication efficiency compared to other lineages, which may contribute to its dominance and reduced vaccine effectiveness, highlighting the need for continued infection control measures post-vaccination.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sham Nambulli et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates the high efficacy of PiN-21 in preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian hamsters modeling moderate to severe COVID-19. Intranasal delivery of PiN-21 effectively protects infected animals from weight loss and reduces viral burdens in both lower and upper airways.
Article
Microbiology
Natalia Ruetalo et al.
Summary: The majority of mild cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection develop antibody responses, with a focus on antibodies against the spike protein. Some patients do not develop antibodies or have weak responses. Antibodies against seasonal coronavirus 229E may contribute to neutralization of SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Wrapp et al.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Shibo Jiang et al.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bin Ju et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yunlong Cao et al.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Kin On Kwok et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2020)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Megan Scudellari
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Quan-Xin Long et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiangdong Huo et al.
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philip J. M. Brouwer et al.
Article
Immunology
Emma S. Winkler et al.
Article
Microbiology
Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussieres et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leo Hanke et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaojing Chi et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bjoern Traenkle et al.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yufei Xiang et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecile Vincke et al.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2009)
Article
Immunology
S. Muyldermans et al.
VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
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Article
Virology
Paul B. McCray et al.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
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