Heat generation and a conservation law for chemical energy in Li-ion batteries

Present theories of irreversible energy losses and heat generation within Li-ion cells are unsatisfactory because they are not compatible with energy conservation and typically give rise to significant errors in the estimation of these quantities. This work aims to provide a consistent theoretical treatment of energy transport and losses in such devices. An energy conservation law is derived from the Doyle-Fuller- Newman (DFN) model of a Li-ion cell using a rigorous mathematical approach. The resulting law allows irreversible chemical energy losses to be located to seven different regions of the cell, namely: (i) the electrolyte, (ii) the anode particles, (iii) the cathode particles, (iv) the solid parts of the anode (ohmic losses), (v) the solid parts of the cathode (ohmic losses), (vi) the surfaces of the anode particles (polarisation losses), and (vii) the surfaces of the cathode particles (polarisation losses). Numerical solutions to the DFN model are used to validate the conservation law in the cases of a drive cycle and constant current discharges, and to compare the energy losses occurring in different locations. It is indicated how cell design can be improved, for a specified set of operating conditions, by comparing the magnitude of energy losses in the different regions of the cell. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study aims to provide a consistent theoretical treatment of energy transport and losses in Li-ion cells by establishing an energy conservation law through a rigorous mathematical approach. The derived law allocates irreversible chemical energy losses to seven different regions of the cell, allowing for comparison of energy losses occurring in different locations and guiding improvements in cell design under specified operating conditions.