期刊
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
卷 228, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112913
关键词
Prorocentrum donghaiense; Prodigiosin; Algicidal mechanism; Ecotoxicity; Harmful algal blooms; Biological algicide
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [U20B2037, 41676101]
- Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province [2019J01023]
- XMU Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Programs [202010384197]
Prodigiosin can effectively control Prorocentrum donghaiense blooms by impacting chloroplasts and mitochondria, leading to lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. While it can arrest the cell cycle of P. donghaiense, surviving cells are able to repair and continue cycling after prodigiosin is removed by photodegradation. Prodigiosin shows potential for bloom control, but should be applied at night in small doses to minimize environmental impact.
Prorocentrum donghaiense, a marine dinoflagellate, causes harmful algal blooms (HABs) characterised by the highest outbreak frequency and most extensive coverage among similar species in the East China Sea. Highly efficient and ecofriendly biocontrol strategies should be developed for HAB control. Prodigiosin is an efficient biological algicide that demonstrated strong algicidal activity towards P. donghaiense. However, the mechanism of its toxicity to P. donghaiense is unknown. These factors were investigated to evaluate potential use of prodigiosin for control of P. donghaiense blooms. Photosynthetic electron transport rate, maximum quantum yield and respiration rate of P. donghaiense decreased significantly upon exposure to prodigiosin, indicating that prodigiosin rapidly exerted adverse effects on the chloroplasts and mitochondria. Furthermore, a significant increase in dichlorofluorescein fluorescence intensity indicated an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant system of P. donghaiense scavenged ROS; however, an increase in malondialdehyde concentrations indicated that excessive ROS were still able to initiate lipid peroxidation. Thus, ROS production resulted in the formation of lipids with a reduced degree of unsaturation. Lipid peroxidation decreased lipid fluidity and rigidified the membrane system, causing serious functional destruction of the membrane. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that prodigiosin arrested the cell cycle of P. donghaiense. However, surviving algal cells were able to repair the damaged functions and resume the cell cycle after prodigiosin was removed by photodegradation. Otherwise, P. donghaiense cells lost their membrane integrity and died. To begin an evaluation of ecological safety of prodigiosin, we tested four marine organisms at various trophic levels. The results of these tests indicated that Chlorella vulgaris, Photobacterium phosphoreum, Artemia salina and Lateolabrax japonicus were less sensitive to prodigiosin than P. donghaiense. Toxicity to all five organisms declined after prodigiosin was exposed to sunlight for 6 h. Considering the toxic doses of prodigiosin to various organisms and its photodegradation characteristics, we suggest that prodigiosin has potential in controlling P. donghaiense blooms but should be applied at night, in small doses, with multiple applications.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据