期刊
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
卷 32, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/eap.2548
关键词
avian biodiversity; Conservation Reserve Program; grassland birds; grassland restoration; Great Plains; habitat loss; Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions; landscape conservation; multispecies occupancy; private land; species distributions; species richness
资金
- Bobolink Foundation
- Knobloch Family Foundation
- United States Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency [AG-3151-P-17-0222]
The decline of biodiversity due to human landscape modification is a pressing conservation problem. The recovery of grassland avifauna has become a priority in North America. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) aims to restore perennial grasslands by providing financial incentives to private agricultural producers. This study investigates the spatial patterns of grassland availability and restoration in the Great Plains to inform landscape-scale conservation strategies for grassland birds.
The decline of biodiversity from anthropogenic landscape modification is among the most pressing conservation problems worldwide. In North America, long-term population declines have elevated the recovery of the grassland avifauna to among the highest conservationpriorities. Because the vast majority of grasslands of the Great Plains are privately owned, the recovery of these ecosystems and bird populations within them depend on landscape-scale conservation strategies that integrate social, economic, and biodiversity objectives. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a voluntary program for private agricultural producers administered by the United States Department of Agriculture that provides financial incentives to take cropland out of production and restore perennial grassland. We investigated spatial patterns of grassland availability and restoration to inform landscape-scale conservation for a comprehensive community of grassland birds in the Great Plains. The research objectives were to (1) determine how apparent habitat loss has affected spatial patterns of grassland bird biodiversity, (2) evaluate the effectiveness of CRP for offsetting the biodiversity declines of grassland birds, and (3) develop spatially explicit predictions to estimate the biodiversity benefit of adding CRP to landscapes impacted by habitat loss. We used the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions program to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of habitat loss and restoration on both the occupancy and species richness of grassland specialists within a continuum-modeling framework. We found the odds of community occupancy declined by 37% for every 1 SD decrease in grassland availability [log(e)(km(2))] and increased by 20% for every 1 SD increase in CRP land cover [log(e)(km(2))]. There was 17% turnover in species composition between intact grasslands and CRP landscapes, suggesting that grasslands restored by CRP retained considerable, but incomplete, representation of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Spatially explicit predictions indicated that absolute conservation outcomes were greatest at high latitudes in regions with high biodiversity, whereas the relative outcomes were greater at low latitudes in highly modified landscapes. By evaluating community-wide responses to landscape modification and CRP restoration at bioregional scales, our study fills key information gaps for developing collaborative strategies, and for balancing conservation of avian biodiversity and social well-being in the agricultural production landscapes of the Great Plains.
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