Graphene paper with electrodeposited NiCo2S4 nanoparticles as a novel flexible sensor for simultaneous detection of folic acid and ascorbic acid

We studied the production and electrochemical performance of NiCo2S4 electrodeposited reduced graphene oxide (rGO) paper for use as a freestanding flexible electrode for the simultaneous determination of folic acid (FA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Production of rGO paper was achieved through vacuum filtration of the aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide, followed by chemical reduction in hydrogen iodide solution. NiCo2S4/rGO paper material was fabricated with a simple approach using electrodeposition of hydrothermal synthesized NiCo2S4 nanoparticles directly on rGO paper. The physicochemical properties of as-prepared flexible NiCo2S4/rGO paper were characterized by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectros-copy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction patterns. This freestanding paper electrode demonstrated high sensitivity, a wide linear range, and a low detection limit to-wards the simultaneous detection of FA and AA. NiCo2S4/rGO paper sensor, possessing easy preparation, low cost, and high flexibility, was tested in real samples with promising recoveries. This study exhibited that the approach of the electrodeposition of bimetallic sulfides on freestanding graphene paper substrates has great potential to develop high-performance flexible electrochemical sensors.

Automated summary

In this study, NiCo2S4/rGO paper electrode was prepared by electrodeposition and reduction of graphene oxide. The results showed that the freestanding paper electrode exhibited high sensitivity, a wide linear range, and a low detection limit for the simultaneous detection of folic acid and ascorbic acid. The study demonstrated the potential of electrodeposition of bimetallic sulfides on freestanding graphene paper substrates for developing high-performance flexible electrochemical sensors.