Nuclear morphogenesis: forming a heterogeneous nucleus during embryogenesis

An embryo experiences increasingly complex spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression as it matures, guiding the morphogenesis of its body. Using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, we observed that the nuclear distributions of transcription factors and histone modifications undergo a similar transformation of increasing heterogeneity. This spatial partitioning of the nucleus could lead to distinct local regulatory environments in space and time that are tuned for specific genes. Accordingly, transcription sites driven by different cis-regulatory regions each had their own temporally and spatially varying local histone environments, which could facilitate the finer spatial and temporal regulation of genes to consistently differentiate cells into organs and tissues. Thus, 'nuclear morphogenesis' may be a microscopic counterpart of the macroscopic process that shapes the animal body.

Automated summary

During the maturation process, embryos experience increasingly complex spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression, which guide the morphogenesis of their bodies. This study using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy in Drosophila melanogaster embryos reveals that the nuclear distributions of transcription factors and histone modifications undergo a similar transformation of increasing heterogeneity. The spatial partitioning of the nucleus could lead to distinct local regulatory environments in space and time, enabling finer regulation of genes for consistent cell differentiation.