期刊
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
卷 52, 期 24, 页码 4353-4378出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2021.2013073
关键词
Biogeochemical simulation; kinetics; mercury; mercury isotope tracer; methylmercury; rate law
资金
- Delta Stewardship Council Delta Science Fellows Program
- Delta Science Program
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife [18208]
Mercury is a global health concern, especially harmful for fetuses and children. Methylmercury is an environmentally relevant form of mercury, and its production and transformation rates are crucial for management.
Mercury is a toxin that causes neurological impairments in adults, is particularly harmful for fetuses and children, and is deadly in severe cases, making it a worldwide health concern. Methylmercury (MeHg) is the environmentally relevant form of mercury (Hg) because it biomagnifies along the food chain. Methylmercury is mainly produced in aquatic sediments via methylation of inorganic Hg (Hg(II)) and transformed back via demethylation. Because transformation rates determine MeHg concentrations, quantification of methylation and demethylation rates is needed to inform management of MeHg. Published rate constants for Hg(II) methylation (k(m)) and MeHg demethylation (k(d)) vary greatly, stemming partly from differences in experimental methods. We conducted a comprehensive review of rate laws, evaluated published rate constants, and per- formed biogeochemical simulations to assess variability in reported k(m) and k(d) . Based on selected studies employing the same pseudo-first-order rate law and similar experimental methods, we found that k(m) = 0.04 +/- 0.03 d(-1) is a reasonable range for wetland sediments. Over a number of environments, maximum k(d) was smaller at sites without Hg source (k(d) = 0.5 d(-1)) than at sites with identified Hg source (k(d) = 1.8 d(-1)). Larger variability and higher uncertainty in k d compared to k m highlight the need for more research on MeHg demethylation rates. This critical review: (a) aids the design of future experimental studies of k(m) and k(d); (b) provides guidance for comparing rate constants from different studies; (c) presents a biogeochemical reaction model to assess rate constants; and (d) informs selection of k(m) and k(d) values from the literature for use in model simulations.
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