Microstructural characteristics of belite-sulfoaluminate cement clinkers with bottom ash

The incorporation mechanism of impurities derived from raw materials into a belite-sulfoaluminate cement clinker with bottom ash was investigated in two raw mixtures. Alkalis lowered the sintering temperature by 50 degrees C. Ti stabilized beta belite and prevented the formation of gamma-belite. Sodalite solid solution showed an incomplete substitution of Si by Al. At a higher Ti content ferrite solid solution trended towards perovskite composition. Although calcium sulfoaluminate only fully developted at 1300 degrees C, the clinkers sintered at 1200 degrees C were the most reactive, as the presence of anhydrite at 1200 degrees C accelerated early hydration. Clinker reactivity decreased with an increase in sintering temperature.

Automated summary

The incorporation mechanism of impurities into a belite-sulfoaluminate cement clinker with bottom ash was investigated. Alkalis lowered the sintering temperature, Ti stabilized beta belite, and calcium sulfoaluminate only fully developed at higher temperatures. The clinkers sintered at 1200 degrees C were the most reactive, but clinker reactivity decreased with an increase in sintering temperature.