Gamma rhythms in the visual cortex: functions and mechanisms

Gamma-band activity, peaking around 30-100 Hz in the local field potential's power spectrum, has been found and intensively studied in many brain regions. Although gamma is thought to play a critical role in processing neural information in the brain, its cognitive functions and neural mechanisms remain unclear or debatable. Experimental studies showed that gamma rhythms are stochastic in time and vary with visual stimuli. Recent studies further showed that multiple rhythms coexist in V1 with distinct origins in different species. While all these experimental facts are a challenge for understanding the functions of gamma in the visual cortex, there are many signs of progress in computational studies. This review summarizes and discusses studies on gamma in the visual cortex from multiple perspectives and concludes that gamma rhythms are still a mystery. Combining experimental and computational studies seems the best way forward in the future.

Automated summary

Gamma-band activity, peaking around 30-100 Hz in the brain, has been intensively studied but its cognitive functions and neural mechanisms remain unclear. Experimental studies show that gamma rhythms are stochastic and vary with visual stimuli, with recent research revealing multiple rhythms coexisting in V1 with different origins across species. Despite challenges, progress in computational studies offers hope for unlocking the mystery of gamma rhythms in the visual cortex.