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Article
Immunology
Hanjun Zhao et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has distinct virological characteristics compared to the Delta variant. It replicates more slowly and its entry pathway is mediated primarily through the endocytic pathway instead of TMPRSS2 pathway. This difference in entry pathway may have implications for the clinical manifestations or severity of the disease.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Lin-Lei Chen et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 variants P.3 and B.1.617.1 can evade neutralizing response from convalescent serum and vaccine-induced serum. The E484K mutation in the spike protein has the greatest impact on receptor binding domain binding.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Zhuoming Liu et al.
Summary: The study found that antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have escape mutations, different monoclonal antibodies have unique resistance profiles, some mutants are resistant to multiple antibodies while some variants can escape neutralization by convalescent sera. Comparing antibody-mediated mutations with circulating SARS-CoV-2 sequences revealed substitutions that may weaken neutralizing immune responses in some individuals, warranting further investigation.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Allison J. Greaney et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 may impact the recognition of the virus by human antibody-mediated immunity, with mutations affecting antibody binding varying significantly among individuals and within the same individual over time. Despite this variability, mutations that greatly reduce antibody binding usually occur at specific sites in the RBD, with E484 being the most crucial. These findings can inform surveillance efforts for SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the future.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Salim S. Abdool Karim et al.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ewen Callaway
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Keiya Uriu et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Kelvin Kai-Wang To et al.
Summary: The lack of modern medical management and vaccines could lead to the COVID-19 pandemic reaching the levels of past deadly outbreaks like the 1894 plague and 1918-A(H1N1) influenza pandemic. The presence of multiple coronaviruses with pandemic potential in animals, coupled with environmental factors like the mixing and selling of wild mammals with poor hygiene practices in urban markets, pose a significant threat to global health. The emergence of new viruses and the challenges of mass testing, contact tracing, treatment, and potential development of vaccine-resistant virus variants highlight the importance of global preparedness in combating infectious diseases.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah A. Clark et al.
Summary: The study reveals that mutations occurring during the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus may lead to resistance against antibodies, posing challenges to long-term efficacy.
Article
Immunology
Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng et al.
Summary: A nosocomial point source superspreading event due to possible airborne transmission occurred in a hospital ward, involving 12 patients and 9 healthcare workers. Better architectural design of ventilation systems and stringent screening for SARS-CoV-2 at healthcare facility admission can help prevent such outbreaks.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ruiqi Zhang et al.
Summary: Vaccinating recovered COVID-19 patients with mRNA vaccines boosted their immune response against wild-type and Delta variant viruses. One booster shot effectively enhanced pre-existing neutralizing activity against both variants in recovered subjects, with significant increases in antibody response observed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muge Cevik et al.
Summary: As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic progresses, new variants are emerging, with some highly transmissible variants like Delta raising concerns about vaccine effectiveness. Understanding the immunological correlates of protection and how laboratory findings relate to clinical effectiveness is crucial for shaping future vaccination strategies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fatima Amanat et al.
Summary: After receiving the SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine, individuals showed robust polyclonal antibody responses, with a majority of vaccine-induced antibodies lacking neutralizing activity. However, vaccine-induced RBD binding antibodies may offer substantial protection against viral variants carrying single E484K RBD mutations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
S. J. Thomas et al.
Summary: BNT162b2 vaccine remains highly effective and safe over the course of 6 months post-vaccination, with efficacy rates ranging from 86% to 100% across different demographics and risk factors for Covid-19. The vaccine also shows a high efficacy against severe disease, with particularly promising results observed in South Africa against the B.1.351 variant.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kizzmekia S. Corbett et al.
Summary: In nonhuman primates (NHPs), vaccination with mRNA-1273 induces dose-dependent antibody responses, leading to a significant reduction in viral replication post SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Replication of the virus correlates strongly with antibody levels and neutralizing activity, with lower levels required in the lower airway than in the upper airway. Passive transfer of mRNA-1273-induced IgG is sufficient to provide protection, indicating that humoral immune responses induced by mRNA-1273 vaccine are effective against SARS-CoV-2 in NHPs.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lu Lu et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that the N501Y mutation has a significant impact on neutralizing activity of COVID-19 convalescent sera and anti-RBD IgG assays. Patients infected with N501Y variants may exhibit reduced antibody binding and lower positivity rates in IgG assays.
Article
Cell Biology
Tyler N. Starr et al.
Summary: The study mapped mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain that escape binding by certain monoclonal antibodies. These mutations are concentrated in specific lineages of SARS-CoV-2. The authors suggest diversifying the epitopes targeted by antibodies and antibody cocktails to make them more resilient to SARS-CoV-2 antigenic evolution.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan et al.
Article
Microbiology
Andrew Rambaut et al.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Johanna Hansen et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher O. Barnes et al.
Article
Biology
Yiska Weisblum et al.
