Emerging Fungal Infections: New Species, New Names, and Antifungal Resistance

Review Immunology

Blastomycosis in Africa and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Review of Reported Cases and Reanalysis of Historical Isolates Based on Molecular Data

Ilan S. Schwartz et al.

Summary: This study reviewed cases of blastomycosis in Africa and the Middle East, identifying Blastomyces percursus as the predominant cause of the disease, with Blastomyces emzantsi also being found in South Africa.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

A National Strategy to Diagnose Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Invasive Fungal Disease in the Intensive Care Unit

P. Lewis White et al.

Summary: Invasive fungal disease is common in critically ill COVID-19 patients, with 26.7% incidence rate including 14.1% aspergillosis and 12.6% yeast infections. Mortality rates are reduced with antifungal therapy, while corticosteroid use and history of chronic respiratory disease increase the likelihood of aspergillosis. Strategic diagnostic screening and antifungal prophylaxis may enhance the management of COVID-19 patients.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Outbreak of Candida auris infection in a COVID-19 hospital in Mexico

Hiram Villanueva-Lozano et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Candida auris Outbreak in a COVID-19 Specialty Care Unit — Florida, July–August 2020

Christopher Prestel et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Microbiology

First Candida auris Outbreak during a COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary-Care Center in Lebanon

Fatima Allaw et al.

Summary: This study reported the first cases of Candida auris infection in Lebanon, focusing on clinical features, infection control investigation and interventions. A total of 14 patients with C. auris infection/colonization were identified using MALDI-TOF and VITEK 2-Compact system. Half of the patients were infected with COVID-19 prior to C. auris isolation, highlighting the importance of rapid case detection and reporting to prevent further hospital transmission.

PATHOGENS (2021)

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Review Immunology

Navigating the Uncertainties of COVID-19-Associated Aspergillosis: A Comparison With Influenza-Associated Aspergillosis

Frederic Lamoth et al.

Summary: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is increasingly recognized as a life-threatening complication of severe respiratory viral infections, such as influenza, and concerns have been raised about its potential complicating COVID-19 in ICU patients. Differences in diagnostic strategies, definitions, and local factors may contribute to the variable incidence of this complication. The distinction between COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) lies in the majority of CAPA cases being classified as putative rather than proven/probable IPA, and the discrepancies can possibly be explained by the distinct physiopathology of influenza and COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Environmental Isolation of Candida auris from the Coastal Wetlands of Andaman Islands, India

Parth Arora et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that Candida auris may be present in the marine ecosystem, and was isolated from salt marshes and sandy beaches near the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean. This suggests that prior to being recognized as a human pathogen, C. auris may have existed in the environment.

MBIO (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Candida auris: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Infection Control Measures to Combat the Spread of Infections in Healthcare Facilities

Suhail Ahmad et al.

Summary: Candida auris is a recently recognized yeast that is often multidrug-resistant and has become a significant fungal pathogen in healthcare facilities due to its ability to cause invasive infections and outbreaks. Its resistance to cleaning procedures and ability to easily contaminate the environment have led to major outbreaks in many countries.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA): how big a problem is it?

Arnaud Fekkar et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Article Immunology

Emerging Fungal Infections

Amy Spallone et al.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2021)

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Article Immunology

Recent Trends in the Epidemiology of Fungal Infections

Emma E. Seagle et al.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2021)

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Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 and mucormycosis syndemic: double health threat to a collapsing healthcare system in India

Ian Christopher N. Rocha et al.

Summary: In India, besides the overwhelming second wave of COVID-19, there is also an outbreak of mucormycosis, a deadly fungal infection, affecting thousands of COVID-19 patients. The emergence of the new fungal epidemic is due to the overdosage and injudicious use of corticosteroids among COVID-19 patients, as well as their pre-existing medical history of diabetes. Urgent measures such as nationwide surveillance, diagnostic systems, public awareness, and education are necessary to combat the syndemic of COVID-19 and mucormycosis in the country.

TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

COVID-19-associated Aspergillus tracheobronchitis: the interplay between viral tropism, host defence, and fungal invasion

Frank de Veerdonk et al.

Summary: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is becoming more common in COVID-19 patients, often presenting as alveolar or airway disease. Management involves reducing viral effects, rebalancing immune dysregulation, and antifungal therapy, with future studies focusing on improving diagnostics and personalized immunotherapy based on patient immune status.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Ophthalmology

Epidemiology, clinical profile, management, and outcome of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in 2826 patients in India - Collaborative OPAI-IJO Study on Mucormycosis in COVID-19 (COSMIC), Report 1

Mrittika Sen et al.

Summary: This study retrospectively reviewed the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of COVID-19-associated ROCM patients during India's second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that corticosteroids and diabetes mellitus are important predisposing factors for ROCM development, and a high index of clinical suspicion and early treatment are essential for successful outcomes.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis, March-August 2020

Jon Salmanton-Garcia et al.

Summary: This study found that most patients with coronavirus disease-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are diagnosed shortly after admission, with the majority being treated in the ICU. Azole-resistant strains of Aspergillus fumigatus were common in patients, and voriconazole was the main treatment choice. The overall mortality rate was approximately 52.2%, with about one third of deaths attributed to CAPA.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Mycology

Taxonomy of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale Species Complex Harboring the Highly Virulent, Multiresistant Genotype T. indotineae

Chao Tang et al.

Summary: In India, a severe outbreak of highly virulent and multi-resistant dermatophytosis by species in the Trichophyton mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale complex is ongoing, and the accurate identification of the etiologic agent is a debated issue. Molecular, morphological, and physiological characteristics were used in a taxonomic study to define species limits. The study found that while T. mentagrophytes s. str. and T. interdigitale s. str. are difficult to distinguish, they are different from the Indian genotype T. indotineae in the HMG gene sequence. These characteristics may be driving separate evolutionary trends.

MYCOPATHOLOGIA (2021)

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Letter Ophthalmology

COVID-19 and orbital mucormycosis

Sandip Sarkar et al.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (2021)

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Review Mycology

Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature

Deepak Garg et al.

Summary: The study discussed a case of probable pulmonary mucormycosis in a COVID-19 patient, highlighting the severity of the disease and the importance of aggressive management for better outcomes. A systematic review revealed that diabetes mellitus was the most common risk factor, and the concurrent use of glucocorticoids may also increase the risk of mucormycosis.

MYCOPATHOLOGIA (2021)

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Article Ophthalmology

Mucor in a Viral Land: A Tale of Two Pathogens

Mrittika Sen et al.

Summary: COVID-19 infection, treatment, immunosuppression, and comorbidities have made patients susceptible to secondary infections such as mucormycosis. Mucormycosis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection, particularly for patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Early diagnosis and appropriate management play a crucial role in improving survival rates.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Immunology

High Rates of Influenza-Associated Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis May Not Be Universal: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Alberta, Canada

Ilan S. Schwartz et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Human Blastomycosis in South Africa Caused by Blastomyces percursus and Blastomyces emzantsi sp. nov., 1967 to 2014

Tsidiso G. Maphanga et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Aspergillus fumigatusand pan-azole resistance: who should be concerned?

Nathan P. Wiederhold et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Infections in Critically III Coronavirus Disease Patients, India, April-July 2020

Anuradha Chowdhary et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Mycology

Trichophyton indotineae sp. nov.: A New Highly Terbinafine-Resistant Anthropophilic Dermatophyte Species

Rui Kano et al.

MYCOPATHOLOGIA (2020)

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Article Immunology

Blastomyces helicus, a New Dimorphic Fungus Causing Fatal Pulmonary and Systemic Disease in Humans and Animals in Western Canada and the United States

Ilan S. Schwartz et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Human sporotrichosis: A zoonotic outbreak in southern Brazil, 2012-2017

Tchana Martinez Brandolt et al.

MEDICAL MYCOLOGY (2019)

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Article Microbiology

Mutations in hmg1, Challenging the Paradigm of Clinical Triazole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus

Jeffrey M. Rybak et al.

MBIO (2019)

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Article Microbiology

Identification of Candida auris by Use of the Updated Vitek 2 Yeast Identification System, Version 8.01: a Multilaboratory Evaluation Study

Georges Ambaraghassi et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Microbiology

Emergomyces: The global rise of new dimorphic fungal pathogens

Ilan S. Schwartz et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2019)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium

Oliver A. Cornely et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

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Article Microbiology

On the Origins of a Species: What Might Explain the Rise of Candida auris?

Brendan R. Jackson et al.

JOURNAL OF FUNGI (2019)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Triazole resistance surveillance in Aspergillus fumigatus

Agustin Resendiz Sharpe et al.

MEDICAL MYCOLOGY (2018)

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Article Dermatology

High terbinafine resistance in Trichophyton interdigitale isolates in Delhi, India harbouring mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene

Ashutosh Singh et al.

MYCOSES (2018)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Invasive aspergillosis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe influenza: a retrospective cohort study

Alexander F. A. D. Schauwvlieghe et al.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2018)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Molecular diagnostics in medical mycology

Brian L. Wickes et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Article Immunology

Simultaneous Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris on 3 Continents Confirmed by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Epidemiological Analyses

Shawn R. Lockhart et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2017)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities are a Potential Source for Transmission of Candida auris and Other Candida Species

Christina T. Piedrahita et al.

INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Respiratory System

Fatal disseminated Rasamsonia infection in cystic fibrosis post-lung transplantation

Gina Hong et al.

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis (2017)

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Article Dermatology

Novel taxa of thermally dimorphic systemic pathogens in the Ajellomycetaceae (Onygenales)

Karolina Dukik et al.

MYCOSES (2017)

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Article Microbiology

Zoonotic Epidemic of Sporotrichosis: Cat to Human Transmission

Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremiao et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2017)

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Article Microbiology

In Vitro Activity of Isavuconazole against Rasamsonia Species

J. Steinmann et al.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2016)

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Review Biology

Clinical implications of globally emerging azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus

Jacques F. Meis et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2016)

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Review Microbiology

Triazole Resistance in Aspergillus spp.: A Worldwide Problem?

Olga Rivero-Menendez et al.

JOURNAL OF FUNGI (2016)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Genotype-phenotype complexity of the TR46/Y121F/T289A cyp51A azole resistance mechanism in Aspergillus fumigatus

Eveline Snelders et al.

FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY (2015)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Current progress in the biology of members of the Sporothrix schenckii complex following the genomic era

Hector M. Mora-Montes et al.

FEMS YEAST RESEARCH (2015)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The role of azoles in the management of azole-resistant aspergillosis: From the bench to the bedside

Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi et al.

DRUG RESISTANCE UPDATES (2014)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Multistate Point- Prevalence Survey of Health Care- Associated Infections

Shelley S. Magill et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2014)

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Article Microbiology

Population-Based Survey of Filamentous Fungi and Antifungal Resistance in Spain (FILPOP Study)

A. Alastruey-Izquierdo et al.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2013)

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Article Respiratory System

Global burden of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis complicating sarcoidosis

David W. Denning et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2013)

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Article Infectious Diseases

The cdr1B efflux transporter is associated with non-cyp51a-mediated itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus

Marcin G. Fraczek et al.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2013)

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Article Microbiology

Taxonomy and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinically Important Rasamsonia Species

J. Houbraken et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2013)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Dimorphic Fungus Causing Disseminated Infection in South Africa

Chris Kenyon et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Discovery of a hapE Mutation That Causes Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus through Whole Genome Sequencing and Sexual Crossing

Simone M. T. Camps et al.

PLOS ONE (2012)

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Review Microbiology

Sporothrix schenckii and Sporotrichosis

Monica Bastos de Lima Barros et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS (2011)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

The structure-function relationship of the Aspergillus fumigatus cyp51A L98H conversion by site-directed mutagenesis: The mechanism of L98H azole resistance

Eveline Snelders et al.

FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY (2011)

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Article Immunology

Prospective Surveillance for Invasive Fungal Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients, 2001-2006: Overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) Database

Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2010)

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Article Immunology

Invasive Fungal Infections among Organ Transplant Recipients: Results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET)

Peter G. Pappas et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2010)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Azole antifungal resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: 2008 and 2009

Ahmed Bueid et al.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2010)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Possible Environmental Origin of Resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus to Medical Triazoles

Eveline Snelders et al.

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2009)

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Article Microbiology

Molecular Identification of Aspergillus Species Collected for the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network

S. Arunmozhi Balajee et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2009)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: a side-effect of environmental fungicide use?

Paul E. Verweij et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2009)

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Article Immunology

Candida auris sp nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital

Kazuo Satoh et al.

MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Multiple-triazole-resistant aspergillosis

Paul E. Verweij et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2007)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Isolation of Aspergillus spp. from the respiratory tract in critically ill patients:: risk factors, clinical presentation and outcome

J Garnacho-Montero et al.

CRITICAL CARE (2005)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients without malignancy

W Meersseman et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2004)

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Emerging Fungal Infections: New Species, New Names, and Antifungal Resistance

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