The enhancement mechanism of ultra-active Ag3PO4 modified by tungsten and the effective degradation towards phenolic pollutants

A novel strategy of W modification was applied to overcome the disadvantages of Ag3PO4. Ultra-active Ag3PO4 with different W doping ratios were successfully synthesized by facile chemical precipitation method, among which 0.5%W-AP showed the best results. Meanwhile, the stability and yield were enhanced. XRD, Raman and ESR etc. were employed to investigate the morphology, structure and optical properties of samples. It was proved W6+ entered into the Ag3PO4 lattice, occupied the position of P5+ and doped in the form of WO42-. The significant improvement of photocatalytic performance of W doped Ag3PO4 was attributed to the change of morphology, the decrease of particle size, the increase of crystallinity, the shrink of band gap energy and the reduction of photoinduced carriers recombination rate with W doping. The photocatalytic mechanism analysis showed h(+) was the main oxidative species in the photocatalytic process, center dot O-2(-) and center dot OH played minor roles. Under visible light irradiation, the impacts of the important operating parameters on the typical phenolic pollutants, phenol and bisphenol A, were evaluated with 0.5%W-AP. It was confirmed that 68% and 82% of phenol and bisphenol A were respectively degraded within 15 min and 40 min under optimized photocatalytic parameters: 0.4 g/L catalyst dosage, 20 mg/L pollutant concentration, pH 5.7 and 125 mW/cm(2) irradiation intensity, and the corresponding K' were 2.14 and 5.50 times of undoped samples. This work provides a new approach for effective degradation towards phenolic pollutants by Ag3PO4 with ultra-high photocatalytic activity, high applicability and enhanced stability and yield.

Automated summary

The novel strategy of W modification was successfully applied to enhance the photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4, improving stability and yield as well. The optimized 0.5%W-AP showed significant degradation rates for phenol and bisphenol A within 15 minutes and 40 minutes, respectively, demonstrating excellent catalytic performance.