4.7 Article

A combination of finite mixture distribution model with geo-statistical models to study spatial patterns and hazardous areas of heavy metals in cropland soils of the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China

期刊

CHEMOSPHERE
卷 283, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131222

关键词

Heavy metals; Finite mixture distribution model; Geo-statistical models; Hazardous area; Cropland soil

资金

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [41907277]
  2. Natural Science Foundation for Youth of Shanxi Province [201801D221326]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

An extensive cropland soil investigation in the Guanzhong Plain utilized a combination of finite mixture distribution model (FMDM) and geo-statistical analysis to determine pollution thresholds and hazardous zones of heavy metals (HMs). Results showed that anthropogenic activities played a critical role in accumulating HMs in pollution hot spots and hazardous zones, particularly in the southern part of the region. The use of geostatistical and FMDM methods reliably delineated the thresholds and hazardous areas for HMs pollution, aiding in soil environmental management.
An extensive cropland soil investigation was conducted to determine the pollution thresholds and hazardous zones of heavy metals (HMs) in the Guanzhong Plain, by using an integrated approach that combines finite mixture distribution model (FMDM) and geo-statistical analysis. FMDM results demonstrated that Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cu were fitted by binary mixture distributions representing the background and moderate pollution distributions, and Zn was fitted by a triple mixture distribution representing the background, moderate and high contamination distributions. The moderate pollution thresholds of Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn and Cu calculated by FMDM were 29.75, 80.15, 38.60, 81.48 and 27.10 mg kg(-1), whereas the cutoff value of Zn high contamination was 97.49 mg kg(-1). The moderately polluted thresholds of all five HMs were higher than their background values in the study area, and lower than the corresponding national standards. The indicator kriging simulation showed Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn had <0.1%, 2.6%, <0.1%, 2.9% of total areas exceed contamination cutoff values, whereas the hazardous area of Cu was contiguous, and covered 17.3% of the total area. Overall, 17.5% of the total area surpassed the moderate contamination threshold. The pollution hot spots and hazardous zones of soil HMs were located in the southern part of the Guanzhong Plain, where population and industrial activities are centralized, indicating that anthropogenic activities played a critical role in HMs accumulation in high-risk regions. The combination of geostatistical and FMDM delineate the thresholds and hazardous area for HMs pollution reliably, and facilitate the improvement of soil environmental management.

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