期刊
CHEMICAL REVIEWS
卷 122, 期 1, 页码 1416-1481出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00399
关键词
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资金
- FCT/MEC [PTDC/OCEETA/31250/2017, PTDC/QUI-COL/32351/2017, DL 57/2016/CP1334/CT0008, CEECIND/00466/2017]
- FEDER [UIDB/50006/2020 -POCI-01-0247-FEDER-017687]
- AgriFoodXXI I&D&I - European Regional Development FUND (ERDF), through the NORTE 2020 (Programa Operacional Regional do Norte 2014/2020) [Norte-01-0145 FEDER-000041]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [DL 57/2016/CP1334/CT0008, PTDC/QUI-COL/32351/2017] Funding Source: FCT
Flavylium compounds are a diverse family of plant pigments that contribute to a wide range of colors. There is growing interest in synthesizing different flavylium compounds with various substitution patterns for industrial applications. This Review provides an overview of the chemistry, synthetic and enzymatic approaches, and properties of flavylium-based compounds.
Flavylium compounds are a well-known family of pigments because they are prevalent in the plant kingdom, contributing to colors over a wide range from shades of yellow-red to blue in fruits, flowers, leaves, and other plant parts. Flavylium compounds include a large variety of natural compound classes, namely, anthocyanins, 3deoxyanthocyanidins, auronidins, and their respective aglycones as well as anthocyaninderived pigments (e.g., pyranoanthocyanins, anthocyanin-flavan-3-ol dimers). During the past few decades, there has been increasing interest among chemists in synthesizing different flavylium compounds that mimic natural structures but with different substitution patterns that present a variety of spectroscopic characteristics in view of their applications in different industrial fields. This Review provides an overview of the chemistry of flavylium-based compounds, in particular, the synthetic and enzymatic approaches and mechanisms reported in the literature for obtaining different classes of pigments, their physical-chemical properties in relation to their pH-dependent equilibria network, and their chemical and enzymatic degradation. The development of flavylium-based systems is also described throughout this Review for emergent applications to explore some of the physical-chemical properties of the multistate of species generated by these compounds.
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