ATP synthase: a moonlighting enzyme with unprecedented functions

ATP synthase's intrinsic molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) adds constructively to, and hence reinforces, the chemiosmotic voltage. This ATP synthase voltage represents a new free energy term that appears to have been overlooked. This term is at least roughly equal in order of magnitude and opposite in sign to the energy needed to be dissipated as a Maxwell's demon (Landauer principle).

Automated summary

ATP synthase's MESP reinforces the chemiosmotic voltage, creating a new and overlooked free energy term that is roughly equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the energy dissipated as a Maxwell's demon.