Dry bean proteins: Extraction methods, functionality, and application in products for human consumption

Background and objectives Legume proteins, such as those from dried beans, are extracted by methods that can be divided into aqueous or dry fractionation processes. Several techniques have been studied to improve protein extraction in legumes and their functional properties. This article provides relevant information on available extraction methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and the functionality and application of dried bean protein in the manufacture of food products. Findings It is possible to obtain yields of up to 93% in dry bean protein extraction by the aqueous fractionation method, resulting in concentrates with a protein content above 70%. The combination of other treatments (thermal or not), applied before or after extraction, can improve the extraction yield and the functional properties of proteins, respectively. Dry fractionation allows yields of up to 30%, which can be improved with electrostatic separation. Bean proteins have equal or superior performance to soybeans in terms of emulsifying properties, high hydrophobicity, and foaming. Conclusions Dry fractionation is a more sustainable method of protein extraction, as it uses few resources and preserves the native properties of proteins. Aqueous fractionation guarantees a higher protein yield. Dried beans are a raw material with enormous potential for protein extraction and application of its protein in the manufacture of vegetable-based food products with added value and high nutritional and health benefits, such as vegetable meats, for example, which are part of the trend of this decade. Significance and novelty This review provides insights into the different bean protein extraction methods and their combinations and how the functional properties can be influenced by them, providing the reader with an available resource to select the most appropriate extraction technique(s) for its application in food.

Automated summary

This study summarizes the methods of bean protein extraction and their functional properties, where pre-treatments during extraction can impact the extraction yield and functional properties of proteins. Dry fractionation is a more sustainable extraction method, while aqueous fractionation guarantees a higher protein yield.